Polygalacic Acid
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MedKoo CAT#: 464498

CAS#: 22338-71-2

Description: Polygalacic acid is a triterpenoid saponin that has been found in P. grandiflorum with antioxidant and neuroprotective activities. It scavenges peroxyl and peroxynitrite radicals in total oxidant-scavenging capacity (TOSC) assays when used at concentrations ranging from 25 to 200 µM. Polygalacic acid (3, 6, and 12 mg/kg) reverses scopolamine-induced increases in escape latency and decreases in the time spent in the target quadrant of the Morris water maze, decreases in hippocampal acetylcholine (ACh) levels, increases in hippocampal IL-1β and IL-10 levels, and decreases in brain superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) levels in mice.

Chemical Structure

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Polygalacic Acid
CAS# 22338-71-2
Product data Instruction

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 464498
Name: Polygalacic Acid
CAS#: 22338-71-2
Chemical Formula: C30H48O6
Exact Mass: 504.35
Molecular Weight: 504.708
Elemental Analysis: C, 71.39; H, 9.59; O, 19.02

Price and Availability

Size Price Availability Quantity
1mg USD 450 2 Weeks
5mg USD 950 2 Weeks
10mg USD 1650 2 Weeks
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Synonym: Polygalacic Acid; Virgaureagenin G;

IUPAC/Chemical Name: (4aR,5R,6aS,6bR,8aR,9R,10R,11S,12aR,12bR,14bS)-5,10,11-trihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,6b,7,8,8a,9,10,11,12,12a,12b,13,14b-octadecahydropicene-4a(2H)-carboxylic acid

InChi Key: KGGGRGBDMBZXKF-PWFIOIGMSA-N

InChi Code: InChI=1S/C30H48O6/c1-25(2)11-12-30(24(35)36)18(13-25)17-7-8-21-26(3)14-19(32)23(34)27(4,16-31)20(26)9-10-28(21,5)29(17,6)15-22(30)33/h7,18-23,31-34H,8-16H2,1-6H3,(H,35,36)/t18-,19-,20+,21+,22+,23-,26-,27-,28+,29+,30+/m0/s1

SMILES Code: O[C@H]1[C@H](C[C@@]2([C@]3(CC=C4[C@@]5(CC(C)(CC[C@@]5([C@@H](C[C@]4([C@@]3(CC[C@]2([C@@]1(CO)C)[H])C)C)O)C(O)=O)C)[H])[H])C)O

Appearance: Solid powder

Purity: >98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)

Shipping Condition: Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.

Storage Condition: Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).

Solubility: To be determined

Shelf Life: >2 years if stored properly

Drug Formulation: To be determined

Stock Solution Storage: 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).

HS Tariff Code: 2934.99.9001

More Info:

Product Data:
Product Data
Instruction:
View handling instruction
Biological target: Polygalacic acid inhibits MMP expression.
In vitro activity: In vitro, rat chondrocytes were induced with interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and treated with different concentrations of polygalacic acid; real-time PCR and Western blotting were performed to evaluate the expressions of MMP-3, MMP-9, MMP-13, and COX-2. To investigate the underlying mechanism, this study found that polygalacic acid suppressed both the IL-1β-induced activation of Wnt/β-catenin and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal pathway in chondrocytes. These results suggest that polygalacic acid may have a therapeutic effect in OA treatment. Reference: Int Immunopharmacol. 2018 Oct;63:246-252. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30119032/
In vivo activity: PA (polygalacic acid) (3, 6, and 12 mg/kg) was administered orally to mice for fourteen days, and scopolamine (1 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally for fourteen days to induce memory impairment. Treatment with scopolamine significantly increased the escape latency time, decreased the number of crossings, and shortened the time spent in the target quadrant, while PA reversed these scopolamine-induced effects. PA significantly improved cholinergic system reactivity, as indicated by decreased acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, increased choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity, and elevated levels of acetylcholine (ACh) in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. PA significantly ameliorated neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in mice. Reference: Phytomedicine. 2016 Feb 15;23(2):149-55. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26926176/

Solubility Data

Solvent Max Conc. mg/mL Max Conc. mM
Solubility
DMSO 75.0 48.60
Ethanol 55.0 108.97

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 504.71 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Recalculate based on batch purity %
Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.15 mL 5.76 mL 11.51 mL
5 mM 0.23 mL 1.15 mL 2.3 mL
10 mM 0.12 mL 0.58 mL 1.15 mL
50 mM 0.02 mL 0.12 mL 0.23 mL
Formulation protocol: 1. Xu K, Ma C, Xu L, Ran J, Jiang L, He Y, Adel Abdo Moqbel S, Wang Z, Wu L. Polygalacic acid inhibits MMPs expression and osteoarthritis via Wnt/β-catenin and MAPK signal pathways suppression. Int Immunopharmacol. 2018 Oct;63:246-252. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.08.013. Epub 2018 Aug 14. PMID: 30119032. 2. Guo C, Shen J, Meng Z, Yang X, Li F. Neuroprotective effects of polygalacic acid on scopolamine-induced memory deficits in mice. Phytomedicine. 2016 Feb 15;23(2):149-55. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.12.009. Epub 2016 Jan 4. PMID: 26926176.
In vitro protocol: 1. Xu K, Ma C, Xu L, Ran J, Jiang L, He Y, Adel Abdo Moqbel S, Wang Z, Wu L. Polygalacic acid inhibits MMPs expression and osteoarthritis via Wnt/β-catenin and MAPK signal pathways suppression. Int Immunopharmacol. 2018 Oct;63:246-252. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.08.013. Epub 2018 Aug 14. PMID: 30119032. 2. Guo C, Shen J, Meng Z, Yang X, Li F. Neuroprotective effects of polygalacic acid on scopolamine-induced memory deficits in mice. Phytomedicine. 2016 Feb 15;23(2):149-55. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.12.009. Epub 2016 Jan 4. PMID: 26926176.
In vivo protocol: 1. Xu K, Ma C, Xu L, Ran J, Jiang L, He Y, Adel Abdo Moqbel S, Wang Z, Wu L. Polygalacic acid inhibits MMPs expression and osteoarthritis via Wnt/β-catenin and MAPK signal pathways suppression. Int Immunopharmacol. 2018 Oct;63:246-252. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.08.013. Epub 2018 Aug 14. PMID: 30119032. 2. Guo C, Shen J, Meng Z, Yang X, Li F. Neuroprotective effects of polygalacic acid on scopolamine-induced memory deficits in mice. Phytomedicine. 2016 Feb 15;23(2):149-55. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.12.009. Epub 2016 Jan 4. PMID: 26926176.

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1: Deng X, Zhao S, Liu X, Han L, Wang R, Hao H, Jiao Y, Han S, Bai C. Polygala tenuifolia: a source for anti-Alzheimer's disease drugs. Pharm Biol. 2020 Dec;58(1):410-416. doi: 10.1080/13880209.2020.1758732. PMID: 32429787; PMCID: PMC7301717.

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3: Xu K, Ma C, Xu L, Ran J, Jiang L, He Y, Adel Abdo Moqbel S, Wang Z, Wu L. Polygalacic acid inhibits MMPs expression and osteoarthritis via Wnt/β-catenin and MAPK signal pathways suppression. Int Immunopharmacol. 2018 Oct;63:246-252. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.08.013. Epub 2018 Aug 14. PMID: 30119032.

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5: Guo C, Shen J, Meng Z, Yang X, Li F. Neuroprotective effects of polygalacic acid on scopolamine-induced memory deficits in mice. Phytomedicine. 2016 Feb 15;23(2):149-55. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.12.009. Epub 2016 Jan 4. PMID: 26926176.

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11: Hernández-Carlos B, González-Coloma A, Orozco-Valencia AU, Ramírez-Mares MV, Andrés-Yeves MF, Joseph-Nathan P. Bioactive saponins from Microsechium helleri and Sicyos bulbosus. Phytochemistry. 2011 Jun;72(8):743-51. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.02.022. Epub 2011 Mar 23. PMID: 21439597.

12: Choi YH, Yoo DS, Cha MR, Choi CW, Kim YS, Choi SU, Lee KR, Ryu SY. Antiproliferative effects of saponins from the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum on cultured human tumor cells. J Nat Prod. 2010 Nov 29;73(11):1863-7. doi: 10.1021/np100496p. Epub 2010 Oct 12. PMID: 20939516.

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