Atropine | CAS#51-55-8 | mAChR antagonist

Atropine free base
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WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

MedKoo CAT#: 540037

CAS#: 51-55-8 (free base)

Description: Atropine is a mAChR antagonist found in Solanaceae used to initiate mydriasis. It decreases thermal pain, inhibits histamine-induced increases in thromboxane A2, and acts as a positive inotrope.

Chemical Structure

Atropine free base

CAS# 51-55-8 (free base)

Instruction

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 540037
Name: Atropine free base
CAS#: 51-55-8 (free base)
Chemical Formula: C17H23NO3
Exact Mass: 289.17
Molecular Weight: 289.370
Elemental Analysis: C, 70.56; H, 8.01; N, 4.84; O, 16.59

Price and Availability

Size	Price	Availability
1g	USD 250	2 Weeks
5g	USD 550	2 weeks
Bulk inquiry Welcome, Customer: Please do not inquire quote if your intended use is for a patient since our products are for research use and for chemical synthesis use, not for human use . For in-stock products, we listed price in the web page. You may inquire prices for which sizes were not listed. If no price is listed, this means the product is not in stock at the moment, which may be available via custom synthesis. For cost-effective reason, minimum order of 1g is requested (typically very expensive). The lead time is usually 2-4 months. Quote of less than 1g will not be provided. MedKoo may not offer quote for below reasons: (1) current available synthetic method appears to be extremely expensive which is obviously not affordable to most customers; (2) Key raw material to make the product is temporally not available; (3) DEA controlled substances; (4) the product is under patent protection in customer’s country.

Synonym: Atropinol; CCRIS 3080; CCRIS-3080; CCRIS3080; HSDB 2199; HSDB-2199; HSDB2199; Eyesules

IUPAC/Chemical Name: (1R,3r,5S)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate

InChi Key: RKUNBYITZUJHSG-SPUOUPEWSA-N

InChi Code: InChI=1S/C17H23NO3/c1-18-13-7-8-14(18)10-15(9-13)21-17(20)16(11-19)12-5-3-2-4-6-12/h2-6,13-16,19H,7-11H2,1H3/t13-,14+,15+,16?

SMILES Code: O=C(OC[15:S=I]HCC[S=N](N[20]C)(H)CCC[S=N](@20)(H)C@15)C(C[5]=CC=CC=C@6)CO

Appearance: Solid powder

Purity: >98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)

Shipping Condition: Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.

Storage Condition: Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).

Solubility: Soluble in DMSO

Shelf Life: >2 years if stored properly

Drug Formulation: This drug may be formulated in DMSO

Stock Solution Storage: 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).

HS Tariff Code: 2934.99.9001

More Info:

Instruction:

View handling instruction

Biological target:
In vitro activity:
In vivo activity:

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 289.37 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
1 mM	1.15 mL	5.76 mL	11.51 mL
5 mM	0.23 mL	1.15 mL	2.3 mL
10 mM	0.12 mL	0.58 mL	1.15 mL
50 mM	0.02 mL	0.12 mL	0.23 mL

Formulation protocol:
In vitro protocol:
In vivo protocol:

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1: Grzybowski A, Armesto A, Szwajkowska M, Iribarren G, Iribarren R. The Role of Atropine Eye Drops in Myopia Control. Curr Pharm Des. 2015;21(32):4718-30. Review. PubMed PMID: 26350533.

2: Clark TY, Clark RA. Atropine 0.01% Eyedrops Significantly Reduce the Progression of Childhood Myopia. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2015 Nov;31(9):541-5. doi: 10.1089/jop.2015.0043. Epub 2015 Jul 28. PubMed PMID: 26218150.

3: Connors NJ, Harnett ZH, Hoffman RS. Comparison of current recommended regimens of atropinization in organophosphate poisoning. J Med Toxicol. 2014 Jun;10(2):143-7. doi: 10.1007/s13181-013-0324-9. Review. PubMed PMID: 23900961; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4057538.

4: Yost J, Baldwin P, Bellenger S, Bradshaw F, Causapin E, Demotica R, Livingston M, Lee C, Gegel B, Burgert J, Claessens A, Johnson D, Loughren M. The pharmacokinetics of intraosseous atropine in hypovolemic swine. Am J Disaster Med. 2015 Autumn;10(3):217-22. doi: 10.5055/ajdm.2015.0204. PubMed PMID: 26663305.

5: Carlier J, Escard E, Péoc'h M, Boyer B, Romeuf L, Faict T, Guitton J, Gaillard Y. Atropine eye drops: an unusual homicidal poisoning. J Forensic Sci. 2014 May;59(3):859-64. doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.12412. Epub 2014 Feb 6. PubMed PMID: 24502541.

6: Pisano A. Atropine for premedication: is no longer the time to be nostalgic. Minerva Anestesiol. 2014 Jan;80(1):123-4. Epub 2013 Jul 16. PubMed PMID: 23857447.

7: Addo RT, Yeboah KG, Siwale RC, Siddig A, Jones A, Ubale RV, Akande J, Nettey H, Patel NJ, Addo E, D'Souza MJ. Formulation and characterization of atropine sulfate in albumin-chitosan microparticles for in vivo ocular drug delivery. J Pharm Sci. 2015 May;104(5):1677-90. doi: 10.1002/jps.24380. Epub 2015 Feb 4. PubMed PMID: 25652269.

8: Tan D, Tay SA, Loh KL, Chia A. Topical Atropine in the Control of Myopia. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila). 2016 Nov/Dec;5(6):424-428. Review. PubMed PMID: 27898446.

9: Marín-Sáez J, Romero-González R, Garrido Frenich A. Enantiomeric determination and evaluation of the racemization process of atropine in Solanaceae seeds and contaminated samples by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A. 2016 Nov 25;1474:79-84. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.10.047. Epub 2016 Oct 19. PubMed PMID: 27773388.

10: Corcoran TE, Venkataramanan R, Hoffman RM, George MP, Petrov A, Richards T, Zhang S, Choi J, Gao YY, Oakum CD, Cook RO, Donahoe M. Systemic delivery of atropine sulfate by the MicroDose Dry-Powder Inhaler. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv. 2013 Feb;26(1):46-55. doi: 10.1089/jamp.2011.0948. Epub 2012 Jun 12. PubMed PMID: 22691110; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4227439.

11: Molina DK, Neerman MF, Wilk SA. Postmortem atropine concentrations in resuscitation cases. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2012 Sep;33(3):227-30. doi: 10.1097/PAF.0b013e31823f0513. PubMed PMID: 22182987.

12: Fardiazar Z, Niknami F, Mashayekhi S, Ghojazadeh M. Hyoscine-N-butylbromide versus atropine as labour accelerant and analgesic: a randomized clinical trial. Pak J Biol Sci. 2013 May 1;16(9):443-5. PubMed PMID: 24498810.

13: Nguyen TK, Jamali A, Lanoue A, Gontier E, Dauwe R. Unravelling the architecture and dynamics of tropane alkaloid biosynthesis pathways using metabolite correlation networks. Phytochemistry. 2015 Aug;116:94-103. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.03.005. Epub 2015 Mar 27. PubMed PMID: 25823585.

14: Mulder PP, von Holst C, Nivarlet N, van Egmond HP. Intra- and inter-laboratory validation of a dipstick immunoassay for the detection of tropane alkaloids hyoscyamine and scopolamine in animal feed. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2014;31(7):1165-76. doi: 10.1080/19440049.2014.914249. Epub 2014 May 14. PubMed PMID: 24823431.

15: Qiang W, Wang YX, Zhang QZ, Li JD, Xia K, Wu NB, Liao ZH. [Expression pattern of genes involved in tropane alkaloids biosynthesis and tropane alkaloids accumulation in Atropa belladonna]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2014 Jan;39(1):52-8. Chinese. PubMed PMID: 24754168.

16: QIAN LL, DU B, ZUO YX. [Atropine treatment of hypoxic bradycardia accelerated the occurrence of cardiac arrest]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2012 Apr 17;92(15):1070-3. Chinese. PubMed PMID: 22781653.

17: Ramdani O, Metters JP, Figueiredo-Filho LC, Fatibello-Filho O, Banks CE. Forensic electrochemistry: sensing the molecule of murder atropine. Analyst. 2013 Feb 21;138(4):1053-9. doi: 10.1039/c2an36450f. PubMed PMID: 23293786.

18: Gulland A. Lack of atropine in Syria hampers treatment after gas attacks. BMJ. 2013 Sep 3;347:f5413. doi: 10.1136/bmj.f5413. Erratum in: BMJ. 2013;347:f5530. PubMed PMID: 24002814.

19: Cao YD, He YC, Li H, Kai GY, Xu JH, Yu HL. Efficient biosynthesis of rare natural product scopolamine using E. coli cells expressing a S14P/K97A mutant of hyoscyamine 6β-hydroxylase AaH6H. J Biotechnol. 2015 Oct 10;211:123-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.07.019. Epub 2015 Jul 31. PubMed PMID: 26239231.

20: Dziomba S, Łepek T, Jaremicz Z, Łuczkiewicz M, Prahl A, Kowalski P. Simultaneous determination of scopolamine, hyoscyamine and anisodamine in in vitro growth media of selected Solanaceae hairy roots by CE method. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2015 Sep 15;1001:17-21. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.06.029. Epub 2015 Jul 22. PubMed PMID: 26253806.

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Atropine free base featured