Gly-Pro-Glu
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MedKoo CAT#: 522694

CAS#: 32302-76-4

Description: Gly-Pro-Glu, also known as GPE, is a neuroprotective agent and the N-terminal tripeptide of IGF-1. Gly-Pro-Glu is neuroprotective after central administration in animal models of neurodegenerative processes, such as Huntington’s, Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s diseases, and varies acute brain injury animal models. GPE mimics insulin-like growth factor I effects on the somatostatin system through a mechanism independent of β-amyloid clearance that involves modulation of calcium and glycogen synthase kinase 3β signaling.

Chemical Structure

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Gly-Pro-Glu
CAS# 32302-76-4
Product data Instruction

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 522694
Name: Gly-Pro-Glu
CAS#: 32302-76-4
Chemical Formula: C12H19N3O6
Exact Mass: 301.13
Molecular Weight: 301.299
Elemental Analysis: C, 47.84; H, 6.36; N, 13.95; O, 31.86

Price and Availability

Size Price Availability Quantity
10mg USD 385 2 Weeks
50mg USD 850 2 Weeks
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Synonym: Gly-Pro-Glu; glycyl-prolyl-glutamic acid; Glypromate; glycine-proline-glutamate (neuroprotectant), Neuren

IUPAC/Chemical Name: glycyl-L-prolyl-L-glutamic acid

InChi Key: JJGBXTYGTKWGAT-YUMQZZPRSA-N

InChi Code: InChI=1S/C12H19N3O6/c13-6-9(16)15-5-1-2-8(15)11(19)14-7(12(20)21)3-4-10(17)18/h7-8H,1-6,13H2,(H,14,19)(H,17,18)(H,20,21)/t7-,8-/m0/s1

SMILES Code: O=C(O)CC[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC([C@H]1N(C(CN)=O)CCC1)=O

Appearance: Solid powder

Purity: >98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)

Shipping Condition: Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.

Storage Condition: Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).

Solubility: Soluble in DMSO, not in water

Shelf Life: >2 years if stored properly

Drug Formulation: This drug may be formulated in DMSO

Stock Solution Storage: 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).

HS Tariff Code: 2934.99.9001

More Info:

Product Data:
Product Data
Instruction:
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Biological target: Gly-Pro-Glu, also known as GPE, is a neuroprotective agent and the N-terminal tripeptide of IGF-1.
In vitro activity: Treatments with GPEs and MEM increased the number of viable cells significantly more than cells treated with Aβ1-42 only. The neuroprotective action was associated with agent type and concentration. The addition of GPE3 at a various concentration rates tend to decrease cell damage induced by Aβ1-42 than others (Figure 3). Similarly, results by LDH release assay were in accordance with those of MTT assay (Figure 4). A100 μM GPE3 showed the most protective effect. Reference: Biomolecules. 2021 Jan 19;11(1):126. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33478054/
In vivo activity: TBD

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 301.30 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Recalculate based on batch purity %
Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.15 mL 5.76 mL 11.51 mL
5 mM 0.23 mL 1.15 mL 2.3 mL
10 mM 0.12 mL 0.58 mL 1.15 mL
50 mM 0.02 mL 0.12 mL 0.23 mL
Formulation protocol: 1. Turkez H, Cacciatore I, Marinelli L, Fornasari E, Aslan ME, Cadirci K, Kahraman CY, Caglar O, Tatar A, Di Biase G, Hacimuftuoglu A, Di Stefano A, Mardinoglu A. Glycyl-L-Prolyl-L-Glutamate Pseudotripeptides for Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules. 2021 Jan 19;11(1):126. doi: 10.3390/biom11010126. PMID: 33478054; PMCID: PMC7835747. 2. Almengló C, Devesa P, Devesa J, Arce VM. GPE Promotes the Proliferation and Migration of Mouse Embryonic Neural Stem Cells and Their Progeny In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Jun 16;18(6):1280. doi: 10.3390/ijms18061280. PMID: 28621713; PMCID: PMC5486102.
In vitro protocol: 1. Turkez H, Cacciatore I, Marinelli L, Fornasari E, Aslan ME, Cadirci K, Kahraman CY, Caglar O, Tatar A, Di Biase G, Hacimuftuoglu A, Di Stefano A, Mardinoglu A. Glycyl-L-Prolyl-L-Glutamate Pseudotripeptides for Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules. 2021 Jan 19;11(1):126. doi: 10.3390/biom11010126. PMID: 33478054; PMCID: PMC7835747. 2. Almengló C, Devesa P, Devesa J, Arce VM. GPE Promotes the Proliferation and Migration of Mouse Embryonic Neural Stem Cells and Their Progeny In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Jun 16;18(6):1280. doi: 10.3390/ijms18061280. PMID: 28621713; PMCID: PMC5486102.
In vivo protocol: TBD

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1: Vaaga CE, Tovar KR, Westbrook GL. The IGF-derived tripeptide Gly-Pro-Glu is a weak NMDA receptor agonist. J Neurophysiol. 2014 Sep 15;112(6):1241-5. doi: 10.1152/jn.00290.2014. Epub 2014 Jun 18. PubMed PMID: 24944213; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4137256.

2: Minelli A, Conte C, Cacciatore I, Cornacchia C, Pinnen F. Molecular mechanism underlying the cerebral effect of Gly-Pro-Glu tripeptide bound to L-dopa in a Parkinson's animal model. Amino Acids. 2012 Sep;43(3):1359-67. doi: 10.1007/s00726-011-1210-x. Epub 2012 Jan 5. PubMed PMID: 22218995.

3: Bickerdike MJ, Thomas GB, Batchelor DC, Sirimanne ES, Leong W, Lin H, Sieg F, Wen J, Brimble MA, Harris PW, Gluckman PD. NNZ-2566: a Gly-Pro-Glu analogue with neuroprotective efficacy in a rat model of acute focal stroke. J Neurol Sci. 2009 Mar 15;278(1-2):85-90. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2008.12.003. Epub 2009 Jan 20. PubMed PMID: 19157421.

4: Alonso De Diego SA, Gutiérrez-Rodríguez M, Pérez de Vega MJ, Casabona D, Cativiela C, González-Muñiz R, Herranz R, Cenarruzabeitia E, Frechilla D, Del Río J, Jimeno ML, García-López MT. New Gly-Pro-Glu (GPE) analogues: expedite solid-phase synthesis and biological activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2006 Mar 1;16(5):1392-6. PubMed PMID: 16321525.

5: Alonso De Diego SA, Muñoz P, González-Muñiz R, Herranz R, Martín-Martínez M, Cenarruzabeitia E, Frechilla D, Del Río J, Jimeno ML, García-López MT. Analogues of the neuroprotective tripeptide Gly-Pro-Glu (GPE): synthesis and structure-activity relationships. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2005 May 2;15(9):2279-83. PubMed PMID: 15837309.

6: Aguado-Llera D, Martín-Martínez M, García-López MT, Arilla-Ferreiro E, Barrios V. Gly-Pro-Glu protects beta-amyloid-induced somatostatin depletion in the rat cortex. Neuroreport. 2004 Aug 26;15(12):1979-82. PubMed PMID: 15305149.

7: Saura J, Curatolo L, Williams CE, Gatti S, Benatti L, Peeters C, Guan J, Dragunow M, Post C, Faull RL, Gluckman PD, Skinner SJ. Neuroprotective effects of Gly-Pro-Glu, the N-terminal tripeptide of IGF-1, in the hippocampus in vitro. Neuroreport. 1999 Jan 18;10(1):161-4. PubMed PMID: 10094155.

8: Nilsson-Håkansson L, Civalero I, Zhang X, Carlsson-Skwirut C, Sara VR, Nordberg A. Effects of IGF-1, truncated IGF-1 and the tripeptide Gly-Pro-Glu on acetylcholine release from parietal cortex of rat brain. Neuroreport. 1993 Sep;4(9):1111-4. PubMed PMID: 8219036.

9: Sara VR, Carlsson-Skwirut C, Bergman T, Jörnvall H, Roberts PJ, Crawford M, Håkansson LN, Civalero I, Nordberg A. Identification of Gly-Pro-Glu (GPE), the aminoterminal tripeptide of insulin-like growth factor 1 which is truncated in brain, as a novel neuroactive peptide. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1989 Dec 15;165(2):766-71. PubMed PMID: 2574573.