WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.
MedKoo CAT#: 317197
CAS#: 73218-79-8 (HCl)
Description: Apraclonidine HCl, also known as Iopidine HCl, is a sympathomimetic used in glaucoma therapy. It is an α2-adrenergic agonist and a weak alpha-1 adrenergic receptor agonist. Upon ocular administration, apraclonidine enhances aqueous humor uveoscleral outflow and decreases aqueous production by vasoconstriction.
MedKoo Cat#: 317197
Name: Apraclonidine HCl
CAS#: 73218-79-8 (HCl)
Chemical Formula: C9H11Cl3N4
Exact Mass: 280.0049
Molecular Weight: 281.57
Elemental Analysis: C, 38.39; H, 3.94; Cl, 37.77; N, 19.90
Related CAS #: 66711-21-5 (free base)
Synonym: Iopidine HCl, Iopidine hydrochloride, Apraclonidine HCl, Apraclonidine hydrochloride
IUPAC/Chemical Name: 2,6-dichloro-N1-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzene-1,4-diamine hydrochloride
InChi Key: OTQYGBJVDRBCHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChi Code: InChI=1S/C9H10Cl2N4.ClH/c10-6-3-5(12)4-7(11)8(6)15-9-13-1-2-14-9;/h3-4H,1-2,12H2,(H2,13,14,15);1H
SMILES Code: ClC1=CC(N)=CC(Cl)=C1NC2=NCCN2.Cl
Appearance: Solid powder
Purity: >98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)
Shipping Condition: Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition: Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).
Solubility: Soluble in DMSO, not in water
Shelf Life: >2 years if stored properly
Drug Formulation: This drug may be formulated in DMSO
Stock Solution Storage: 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).
HS Tariff Code: 2934.99.9001
The following data is based on the product molecular weight 281.57 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.
| Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 mM | 1.15 mL | 5.76 mL | 11.51 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.23 mL | 1.15 mL | 2.3 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.12 mL | 0.58 mL | 1.15 mL |
| 50 mM | 0.02 mL | 0.12 mL | 0.23 mL |
1: Kauh CY, Bursztyn LL. Positive Apraclonidine Test in Horner Syndrome Caused by Thalamic Hemorrhage. J Neuroophthalmol. 2015 Sep;35(3):287-8. doi: 10.1097/WNO.0000000000000222. PubMed PMID: 25768246.
2: Eguchi R, Takagi C, Ishikawa N, Ando H, Ando N. [Factors influencing intraocular pressure elevation on the first postoperative day following small-incision cataract surgery--the effect of apraclonidine]. Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi. 2014 Sep;118(9):768-72. Japanese. PubMed PMID: 25318185.
3: Shin RK, Cheek AG. Teaching NeuroImages: Positive apraclonidine test in Horner syndrome. Neurology. 2011 May 17;76(20):e100. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31821a4454. PubMed PMID: 21576682.
4: Cooper-Knock J, Pepper I, Hodgson T, Sharrack B. Early diagnosis of Horner syndrome using topical apraclonidine. J Neuroophthalmol. 2011 Sep;31(3):214-6. doi: 10.1097/WNO.0b013e31821a91fe. PubMed PMID: 21566530.
5: Besada E, Reed K, Najman P, Shechtman D, Hardigan P. Pupillometry study of brimonidine tartrate 0.2% and apraclonidine 0.5%. J Clin Pharmacol. 2011 Dec;51(12):1690-5. doi: 10.1177/0091270010385932. Epub 2011 Mar 15. PubMed PMID: 21406599.
6: Chu CJ, Ferris JD. Confirmation of Horner's syndrome using apraclonidine eye drops. Postgrad Med J. 2011 Jun;87(1028):440. doi: 10.1136/pgmj.2010.113514. Epub 2011 Mar 8. PubMed PMID: 21386103.
7: Cambron M, Maertens H, Crevits L. Apraclonidine and my pupil. Clin Auton Res. 2011 Oct;21(5):347-51. doi: 10.1007/s10286-011-0118-6. Epub 2011 Mar 8. PubMed PMID: 21384091.
8: Sueke H, Chandna A. Using apraclonidine in diagnosing Horner syndrome in children. Am J Ophthalmol. 2010 May;149(5):869; author reply 870. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2010.01.023. PubMed PMID: 20399934.
9: Lebas M, Seror J, Debroucker T. Positive apraclonidine test 36 hours after acute onset of horner syndrome in dorsolateral pontomedullary stroke. J Neuroophthalmol. 2010 Mar;30(1):12-7. doi: 10.1097/WNO.0b013e3181b1b41f. Review. PubMed PMID: 20182200.
10: Kocabora M, Gocmez E, Taskapili M. Topical apraclonidine to diagnose Bernard-Horner syndrome. Bull Soc Belge Ophtalmol. 2009;(312):9-15. PubMed PMID: 19927485.
