Dihydroethidium | CAS#104821-25-2 | fluorescent dye

Dihydroethidium
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WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

MedKoo CAT#: 526644

CAS#: 104821-25-2

Description: Dihydroethidium, also known as Hydroethidine and PD-MY 003, is a cell-permeable blue fluorescent dye. DHE-derived fluorescence at 570 nm is a convenient method for detection of intracellular and extracellular superoxide produced by phagocytic and vascular NADPH oxidase. Dihydroethidium is neuroprotective by reducing superoxide in mice after stroke.

Chemical Structure

Dihydroethidium

CAS# 104821-25-2

Product data Instruction

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 526644
Name: Dihydroethidium
CAS#: 104821-25-2
Chemical Formula: C21H21N3
Exact Mass: 315.17
Molecular Weight: 315.420
Elemental Analysis: C, 79.97; H, 6.71; N, 13.32

Price and Availability

Size	Price	Availability
100mg	USD 550	2 weeks
200mg	USD 950	2 weeks
500mg	USD 1650	2 weeks
1g	USD 2450	2 weeks
2g	USD 3650	2 weeks
5g	USD 5450	2 weeks
Bulk inquiry Welcome, Customer: Please do not inquire quote if your intended use is for a patient since our products are for research use and for chemical synthesis use, not for human use . For in-stock products, we listed price in the web page. You may inquire prices for which sizes were not listed. If no price is listed, this means the product is not in stock at the moment, which may be available via custom synthesis. For cost-effective reason, minimum order of 1g is requested (typically very expensive). The lead time is usually 2-4 months. Quote of less than 1g will not be provided. MedKoo may not offer quote for below reasons: (1) current available synthetic method appears to be extremely expensive which is obviously not affordable to most customers; (2) Key raw material to make the product is temporally not available; (3) DEA controlled substances; (4) the product is under patent protection in customer’s country.

Synonym: PD-MY 003; PD-MY-003; PD-MY003; Hydroethidine; Dihydroethidium

IUPAC/Chemical Name: 5-ethyl-5,6-dihydro-6-phenyl-3,8-phenanthridinediamine

InChi Key: XYJODUBPWNZLML-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChi Code: InChI=1S/C21H21N3/c1-2-24-20-13-16(23)9-11-18(20)17-10-8-15(22)12-19(17)21(24)14-6-4-3-5-7-14/h3-13,21H,2,22-23H2,1H3

SMILES Code: NC1=CC=C2C3=C(C=C(N)C=C3)C(C4=CC=CC=C4)N(CC)C2=C1

Appearance: Solid powder

Purity: >98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)

Shipping Condition: Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.

Storage Condition: Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).

Solubility: Soluble in DMSO, not in water

Shelf Life: >2 years if stored properly

Drug Formulation: This drug may be formulated in DMSO

Stock Solution Storage: 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).

HS Tariff Code: 2934.99.9001

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Product Data:

Product Data

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Biological target:	Dihydroethidium (Hydroethidine; PD-MY 003) is a superoxide indicator; exhibits blue-fluorescence in the cytosol until oxidized, where it intercalates within the cell's DNA, staining its nucleus a bright fluorescent red (Ex/Em=518/616 nm).
In vitro activity:	Subsequently, the levels of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, GPX4, SLC7A11 and Nrf2, which are indicators of ferroptosis, were measured by a dihydroethidium fluorescent dye probe, biochemical kit, western blotting and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Reference: Front Immunol. 2022 Oct 19;13:967151. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36341347/
In vivo activity:	Furthermore, DHE (dihydroethidium) probe technology was used to analyze changes in ROS levels. The results showed that the ROS levels in the livers of the mice in the OXA group were increased in a dose-dependent manner (Fig. 7E). Reference: Mol Med Rep. 2022 Nov;26(5):346. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36177905/

Solubility Data

	Solvent	Max Conc. mg/mL	Max Conc. mM
Solubility
	DMF	0.5	1.59
	DMSO	41.7	132.10
	DMSO:PBS (pH 7.2) (1:1)	0.5	1.59
	Ethanol	1.1	3.57
	Water	0.7	2.12

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 315.42 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
1 mM	1.15 mL	5.76 mL	11.51 mL
5 mM	0.23 mL	1.15 mL	2.3 mL
10 mM	0.12 mL	0.58 mL	1.15 mL
50 mM	0.02 mL	0.12 mL	0.23 mL

Formulation protocol:	1. Tan W, Dai F, Yang D, Deng Z, Gu R, Zhao X, Cheng Y. MiR-93-5p promotes granulosa cell apoptosis and ferroptosis by the NF-kB signaling pathway in polycystic ovary syndrome. Front Immunol. 2022 Oct 19;13:967151. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.967151. PMID: 36341347; PMCID: PMC9626535. 2. Pinelis V, Krasilnikova I, Bakaeva Z, Surin A, Boyarkin D, Fisenko A, Krasilnikova O, Pomytkin I. Insulin Diminishes Superoxide Increase in Cytosol and Mitochondria of Cultured Cortical Neurons Treated with Toxic Glutamate. Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Oct 20;23(20):12593. doi: 10.3390/ijms232012593. PMID: 36293449; PMCID: PMC9604026. 3. Zhu C, Cheng X, Gao P, Gao Q, Wang X, Liu D, Ren X, Zhang C. Model establishment and microarray analysis of mice with oxaliplatin‑induced hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome. Mol Med Rep. 2022 Nov;26(5):346. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12862. Epub 2022 Sep 30. PMID: 36177905; PMCID: PMC9551404. 4. Liu T, Li CY, Chen H, Liu J, Zhong LL, Tang MM, Wang WB, Huang JP, Jiang XS. tBHQ attenuates podocyte injury in diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting NADPH oxidase-derived ROS generation via the Nrf2/HO-1 signalling pathway. Heliyon. 2022 Sep 6;8(9):e10515. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10515. PMID: 36119860; PMCID: PMC9479023.
In vitro protocol:	1. Tan W, Dai F, Yang D, Deng Z, Gu R, Zhao X, Cheng Y. MiR-93-5p promotes granulosa cell apoptosis and ferroptosis by the NF-kB signaling pathway in polycystic ovary syndrome. Front Immunol. 2022 Oct 19;13:967151. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.967151. PMID: 36341347; PMCID: PMC9626535. 2. Pinelis V, Krasilnikova I, Bakaeva Z, Surin A, Boyarkin D, Fisenko A, Krasilnikova O, Pomytkin I. Insulin Diminishes Superoxide Increase in Cytosol and Mitochondria of Cultured Cortical Neurons Treated with Toxic Glutamate. Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Oct 20;23(20):12593. doi: 10.3390/ijms232012593. PMID: 36293449; PMCID: PMC9604026.
In vivo protocol:	1. Zhu C, Cheng X, Gao P, Gao Q, Wang X, Liu D, Ren X, Zhang C. Model establishment and microarray analysis of mice with oxaliplatin‑induced hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome. Mol Med Rep. 2022 Nov;26(5):346. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12862. Epub 2022 Sep 30. PMID: 36177905; PMCID: PMC9551404. 2. Liu T, Li CY, Chen H, Liu J, Zhong LL, Tang MM, Wang WB, Huang JP, Jiang XS. tBHQ attenuates podocyte injury in diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting NADPH oxidase-derived ROS generation via the Nrf2/HO-1 signalling pathway. Heliyon. 2022 Sep 6;8(9):e10515. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10515. PMID: 36119860; PMCID: PMC9479023.

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1: Michalski R, Michalowski B, Sikora A, Zielonka J, Kalyanaraman B. On the use of fluorescence lifetime imaging and dihydroethidium to detect superoxide in intact animals and ex vivo tissues: a reassessment. Free Radic Biol Med. 2014 Feb;67:278-84. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.10.816. Epub 2013 Nov 5. PubMed PMID: 24200598; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4275029.

2: Chen J, Rogers SC, Kavdia M. Analysis of kinetics of dihydroethidium fluorescence with superoxide using xanthine oxidase and hypoxanthine assay. Ann Biomed Eng. 2013 Feb;41(2):327-37. doi: 10.1007/s10439-012-0653-x. Epub 2012 Sep 11. PubMed PMID: 22965641; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3544990.

3: Laurindo FR, Fernandes DC, Santos CX. Assessment of superoxide production and NADPH oxidase activity by HPLC analysis of dihydroethidium oxidation products. Methods Enzymol. 2008;441:237-60. doi: 10.1016/S0076-6879(08)01213-5. Review. PubMed PMID: 18554538.

4: Peshavariya HM, Dusting GJ, Selemidis S. Analysis of dihydroethidium fluorescence for the detection of intracellular and extracellular superoxide produced by NADPH oxidase. Free Radic Res. 2007 Jun;41(6):699-712. PubMed PMID: 17516243.

5: Burnaugh L, Sabeur K, Ball BA. Generation of superoxide anion by equine spermatozoa as detected by dihydroethidium. Theriogenology. 2007 Feb;67(3):580-9. Epub 2006 Oct 12. PubMed PMID: 17045638.

6: Fink B, Laude K, McCann L, Doughan A, Harrison DG, Dikalov S. Detection of intracellular superoxide formation in endothelial cells and intact tissues using dihydroethidium and an HPLC-based assay. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2004 Oct;287(4):C895-902. Epub 2004 Aug 11. PubMed PMID: 15306539.

7: Yu F, Sugawara T, Chan PH. Treatment with dihydroethidium reduces infarct size after transient focal cerebral ischemia in mice. Brain Res. 2003 Jul 18;978(1-2):223-7. PubMed PMID: 12834917.

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