Palmatine chloride | CAS# 10605-02-4 (Cl) | Cl− secretion inhibitor

Palmatine chloride
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WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

MedKoo CAT#: 561369

CAS#: 10605-02-4 (Cl)

Description: Palmatine chloride is an inhibitor of carbachol-induced Ca2+-activated Cl− secretion and the carbachol-induced increase of intracellular Ca2+ concentration.

Chemical Structure

Palmatine chloride

CAS# 10605-02-4 (Cl)

Product data Instruction

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 561369
Name: Palmatine chloride
CAS#: 10605-02-4 (Cl)
Chemical Formula: C21H22ClNO4
Exact Mass: 0.00
Molecular Weight: 387.860
Elemental Analysis: C, 65.03; H, 5.72; Cl, 9.14; N, 3.61; O, 16.50

Price and Availability

Size	Price	Availability	Quantity
100mg	USD 250
Bulk inquiry Welcome, Customer: Please do not inquire quote if your intended use is for a patient since our products are for research use and for chemical synthesis use, not for human use . For in-stock products, we listed price in the web page. You may inquire prices for which sizes were not listed. If no price is listed, this means the product is not in stock at the moment, which may be available via custom synthesis. For cost-effective reason, minimum order of 1g is requested (typically very expensive). The lead time is usually 2-4 months. Quote of less than 1g will not be provided. MedKoo may not offer quote for below reasons: (1) current available synthetic method appears to be extremely expensive which is obviously not affordable to most customers; (2) Key raw material to make the product is temporally not available; (3) DEA controlled substances; (4) the product is under patent protection in customer’s country.

Related CAS #: 4880-79-9 (iodide); 3486-67-7 (free base); 10605-02-4 (Cl)

Synonym: Palmatine chloride;

IUPAC/Chemical Name: 2,3,9,10-Tetramethoxy-5,6-dihydroisoquinolino[2,1-b]isoquinolin-7-ium chloride

InChi Key: RLQYRXCUPVKSAW-UHFFFAOYSA-M

InChi Code: InChI=1S/C21H22NO4.ClH/c1-23-18-6-5-13-9-17-15-11-20(25-3)19(24-2)10-14(15)7-8-22(17)12-16(13)21(18)26-4;/h5-6,9-12H,7-8H2,1-4H3;1H/q+1;/p-1

SMILES Code: COC1=C(OC)C2=C[N+](CCC3=C4C=C(OC)C(OC)=C3)=C4C=C2C=C1.[Cl-]

Appearance: Solid powder

Purity: >98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)

Shipping Condition: Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.

Storage Condition: Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).

Solubility: Soluble in DMSO

Shelf Life: >2 years if stored properly

Drug Formulation: This drug may be formulated in DMSO

Stock Solution Storage: 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).

HS Tariff Code: 2934.99.9001

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Product Data:

Product Data

Instruction:

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Biological target:	Palmatine chloride is an orally active and irreversible indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO-1) inhibitor with IC50s of 3 μM and 157μM against HEK 293-hIDO-1 and rhIDO-1.
In vitro activity:	This study investigated the specific inhibition of West Nile virus (WNV) NS2B-NS3 protease and viral propagation by palmatine, a chemical compound from Coptis chinensis Franch. It was demonstrated that palmatine could inhibit WNV NS2B-NS3 protease activity in an uncompetitive manner, with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) of 96 microM. Palmatine suppressed WNV without detectable cytotoxicity (a 50% effective concentration [EC(50)] of 3.6 microM and a 50% cytotoxicity concentration [CC(50)] of 1,031 microM). Furthermore, palmatine could also suppress dengue virus and yellow fever virus in a dose-dependent manner. Reference: Arch Virol. 2010 Aug;155(8):1325-9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20496087/
In vivo activity:	Results showed that Pal (palmatine) treatment significantly reduced DAI scores and ameliorated colonic injury in mice with DSS-induced colitis. Mucosal integrity was improved and cell apoptosis was inhibited. Moreover, gut microbiota analysis showed that mice received Pal-treatment have higher relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, but reduced amount of Proteobacteria. Moreover, Pal not only suppressed tryptophan catabolism in plasma, but also decreased the protein expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO-1, the rate-limiting enzyme of tryptophan catabolism) in colon tissue. Reference: Pharmacol Res. 2018 Nov;137:34-46. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30243842/

Solubility Data

	Solvent	Max Conc. mg/mL	Max Conc. mM
Solubility
	DMF	30.0	77.35
	DMSO	46.3	119.46
	DMSO:PBS (pH 7.2) (1:1)	0.5	1.29
	Ethanol	5.0	12.89
	Water	5.0	12.89

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 387.86 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
1 mM	1.15 mL	5.76 mL	11.51 mL
5 mM	0.23 mL	1.15 mL	2.3 mL
10 mM	0.12 mL	0.58 mL	1.15 mL
50 mM	0.02 mL	0.12 mL	0.23 mL

Formulation protocol:	1. Liu X, Zhang Y, Wu S, Xu M, Shen Y, Yu M, Fan J, Wei S, Xu C, Huang L, Zhao H, Li X, Ye X. Palmatine induces G2/M phase arrest and mitochondrial-associated pathway apoptosis in colon cancer cells by targeting AURKA. Biochem Pharmacol. 2020 May;175:113933. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113933. Epub 2020 Mar 26. PMID: 32224138. 2. Jia F, Zou G, Fan J, Yuan Z. Identification of palmatine as an inhibitor of West Nile virus. Arch Virol. 2010 Aug;155(8):1325-9. doi: 10.1007/s00705-010-0702-4. Epub 2010 May 23. PMID: 20496087. 3. Zhang XJ, Yuan ZW, Qu C, Yu XT, Huang T, Chen PV, Su ZR, Dou YX, Wu JZ, Zeng HF, Xie Y, Chen JN. Palmatine ameliorated murine colitis by suppressing tryptophan metabolism and regulating gut microbiota. Pharmacol Res. 2018 Nov;137:34-46. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.09.010. Epub 2018 Sep 19. PMID: 30243842. 4. Lee WC, Kim JK, Kang JW, Oh WY, Jung JY, Kim YS, Jung HA, Choi JS, Lee SM. Palmatine attenuates D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide-induced fulminant hepatic failure in mice. Food Chem Toxicol. 2010 Jan;48(1):222-8. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.10.004. Epub 2009 Oct 8. PMID: 19818826.
In vitro protocol:	1. Liu X, Zhang Y, Wu S, Xu M, Shen Y, Yu M, Fan J, Wei S, Xu C, Huang L, Zhao H, Li X, Ye X. Palmatine induces G2/M phase arrest and mitochondrial-associated pathway apoptosis in colon cancer cells by targeting AURKA. Biochem Pharmacol. 2020 May;175:113933. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113933. Epub 2020 Mar 26. PMID: 32224138. 2. Jia F, Zou G, Fan J, Yuan Z. Identification of palmatine as an inhibitor of West Nile virus. Arch Virol. 2010 Aug;155(8):1325-9. doi: 10.1007/s00705-010-0702-4. Epub 2010 May 23. PMID: 20496087.
In vivo protocol:	1. Zhang XJ, Yuan ZW, Qu C, Yu XT, Huang T, Chen PV, Su ZR, Dou YX, Wu JZ, Zeng HF, Xie Y, Chen JN. Palmatine ameliorated murine colitis by suppressing tryptophan metabolism and regulating gut microbiota. Pharmacol Res. 2018 Nov;137:34-46. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.09.010. Epub 2018 Sep 19. PMID: 30243842. 2. Lee WC, Kim JK, Kang JW, Oh WY, Jung JY, Kim YS, Jung HA, Choi JS, Lee SM. Palmatine attenuates D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide-induced fulminant hepatic failure in mice. Food Chem Toxicol. 2010 Jan;48(1):222-8. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.10.004. Epub 2009 Oct 8. PMID: 19818826.

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1: Tan HL, Chan KG, Pusparajah P, Duangjai A, Saokaew S, Mehmood Khan T, Lee LH, Goh BH. Rhizoma Coptidis: A Potential Cardiovascular Protective Agent. Front Pharmacol. 2016 Oct 7;7:362. eCollection 2016. Review. PubMed PMID: 27774066; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5054023.

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3: Khan AY, Suresh Kumar G. Natural isoquinoline alkaloids: binding aspects to functional proteins, serum albumins, hemoglobin, and lysozyme. Biophys Rev. 2015 Dec;7(4):407-420. doi: 10.1007/s12551-015-0183-5. Epub 2015 Nov 16. Review. PubMed PMID: 28510102; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5418488.

4: Ríos JL, Francini F, Schinella GR. Natural Products for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Planta Med. 2015 Aug;81(12-13):975-94. doi: 10.1055/s-0035-1546131. Epub 2015 Jul 1. Review. PubMed PMID: 26132858.

5: Desgrouas C, Taudon N, Bun SS, Baghdikian B, Bory S, Parzy D, Ollivier E. Ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Stephania rotunda Lour. J Ethnopharmacol. 2014 Jul 3;154(3):537-63. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.04.024. Epub 2014 Apr 25. Review. PubMed PMID: 24768769.

6: Gupta S, Singh N, Jaggi AS. Alkaloids as aldose reductase inhibitors, with special reference to berberine. J Altern Complement Med. 2014 Mar;20(3):195-205. doi: 10.1089/acm.2013.0088. Epub 2013 Nov 15. Review. PubMed PMID: 24236461.

7: Chernyak BV, Antonenko YN, Galimov ER, Domnina LV, Dugina VB, Zvyagilskaya RA, Ivanova OY, Izyumov DS, Lyamzaev KG, Pustovidko AV, Rokitskaya TI, Rogov AG, Severina II, Simonyan RA, Skulachev MV, Tashlitsky VN, Titova EV, Trendeleva TA, Shagieva GS. Novel mitochondria-targeted compounds composed of natural constituents: conjugates of plant alkaloids berberine and palmatine with plastoquinone. Biochemistry (Mosc). 2012 Sep;77(9):983-95. doi: 10.1134/S0006297912090040. Review. PubMed PMID: 23157257.

8: Chernyak BV, Antonenko YN, Domnina LV, Ivanova OY, Lyamzaev KG, Pustovidko AV, Rokitskaya TI, Severina II, Simonyan RA, Trendeleva TA, Zvyagilskaya RA. Novel penetrating cations for targeting mitochondria. Curr Pharm Des. 2013;19(15):2795-806. Review. PubMed PMID: 23092317.

9: Alasbahi RH, Melzig MF. Forskolin and derivatives as tools for studying the role of cAMP. Pharmazie. 2012 Jan;67(1):5-13. Review. PubMed PMID: 22393824.

10: Liu X, Han Y, Peng K, Liu Y, Li J, Liu H. Effect of traditional Chinese medicinal herbs on Candida spp. from patients with HIV/AIDS. Adv Dent Res. 2011 Apr;23(1):56-60. doi: 10.1177/0022034511399286. Review. PubMed PMID: 21441482.

11: Bhadra K, Kumar GS. Therapeutic potential of nucleic acid-binding isoquinoline alkaloids: binding aspects and implications for drug design. Med Res Rev. 2011 Nov;31(6):821-62. doi: 10.1002/med.20202. Epub 2010 Jan 14. Review. PubMed PMID: 20077560.

12: Imanshahidi M, Hosseinzadeh H. Pharmacological and therapeutic effects of Berberis vulgaris and its active constituent, berberine. Phytother Res. 2008 Aug;22(8):999-1012. doi: 10.1002/ptr.2399. Review. PubMed PMID: 18618524.

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