Lactulose | Consulose | CAS#4618-18-2 | Laxative | Hepatic Encephalopathy Treatment

Lactulose
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WARNING: This product is for research use only, not for human or veterinary use.

MedKoo CAT#: 328708

CAS#: 4618-18-2

Description: Lactulose is a synthetic disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy. Lactulose has also been used in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal disorders.

Chemical Structure

Lactulose

CAS# 4618-18-2

Product data Instruction

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 328708
Name: Lactulose
CAS#: 4618-18-2
Chemical Formula: C12H22O11
Exact Mass: 342.12
Molecular Weight: 342.297
Elemental Analysis: C, 42.11; H, 6.48; O, 51.41

Price and Availability

Size	Price	Availability
1g	USD 250	2 Weeks
5g	USD 450	2 Weeks
25g	USD 750	2 Weeks
Bulk inquiry Welcome, Customer: Please do not inquire quote if your intended use is for a patient since our products are for research use and for chemical synthesis use, not for human use . For in-stock products, we listed price in the web page. You may inquire prices for which sizes were not listed. If no price is listed, this means the product is not in stock at the moment, which may be available via custom synthesis. For cost-effective reason, minimum order of 1g is requested (typically very expensive). The lead time is usually 2-4 months. Quote of less than 1g will not be provided. MedKoo may not offer quote for below reasons: (1) current available synthetic method appears to be extremely expensive which is obviously not affordable to most customers; (2) Key raw material to make the product is temporally not available; (3) DEA controlled substances; (4) the product is under patent protection in customer’s country.

Synonym: Lactulose; Cholac; Generlac; Consulose; BRN 0093773; BRN-0093773; BRN0093773

IUPAC/Chemical Name: (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-(((2R,3S,4S)-4,5-dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)oxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol

InChi Key: JCQLYHFGKNRPGE-DNMRROERSA-N

InChi Code: InChI=1S/C12H22O11/c13-1-4-6(16)7(17)8(18)11(21-4)22-9-5(2-14)23-12(20,3-15)10(9)19/h4-11,13-20H,1-3H2/t4-,5-,6+,7+,8-,9-,10+,11+,12?/m1/s1

SMILES Code: OCC1([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O1)O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](CO)O2)O)O)O)O)O

Appearance: Solid powder

Purity: >98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)

Shipping Condition: Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.

Storage Condition: Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).

Solubility: Soluble in DMSO

Shelf Life: >2 years if stored properly

Drug Formulation: This drug may be formulated in DMSO

Stock Solution Storage: 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).

HS Tariff Code: 2934.99.9001

More Info:

Product Data:

Product Data

Instruction:

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Biological target:	Lactulose is a non-absortable sugar used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy.
In vitro activity:	The results showed that lactulose reduced the growth of viable C. difficile cells following clindamycin treatment, shifted the antibiotic-induced dysbiotic microbial community, and stimulated the production of health-promoting metabolites (especially butyrate). Recovery of the gut microenvironment by long-term lactulose administration following CDI was also linked to lactate production, decrease in pH and modulation of bile salt metabolism. Reference: Antibiotics (Basel). 2022 Oct 24;11(11):1464. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36358119/
In vivo activity:	The present study investigated the therapeutic effect of lactulose on gastrointestinal inflammation and inflammation-related tumorigenesis in a mouse model of colorectal cancer as well as its effect on gut microbiota composition. Lactulose significantly inhibited the inflammatory events, and ameliorated inflammation and tumorigenesis. Reference: Nutrients. 2022 Feb 3;14(3):649. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35277009/

Solubility Data

	Solvent	Max Conc. mg/mL	Max Conc. mM
Solubility
	DMSO	46.5	135.85
	Water	84.0	245.40

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 342.30 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg
1 mM	1.15 mL	5.76 mL	11.51 mL
5 mM	0.23 mL	1.15 mL	2.3 mL
10 mM	0.12 mL	0.58 mL	1.15 mL
50 mM	0.02 mL	0.12 mL	0.23 mL

Formulation protocol:	1. Calatayud M, Duysburgh C, Van den Abbeele P, Franckenstein D, Kuchina-Koch A, Marzorati M. Long-Term Lactulose Administration Improves Dysbiosis Induced by Antibiotic and C. difficile in the PathoGutTM SHIME Model. Antibiotics (Basel). 2022 Oct 24;11(11):1464. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics11111464. PMID: 36358119; PMCID: PMC9686563. 2. Hiraishi K, Zhao F, Kurahara LH, Li X, Yamashita T, Hashimoto T, Matsuda Y, Sun Z, Zhang H, Hirano K. Lactulose Modulates the Structure of Gut Microbiota and Alleviates Colitis-Associated Tumorigenesis. Nutrients. 2022 Feb 3;14(3):649. doi: 10.3390/nu14030649. PMID: 35277009; PMCID: PMC8840163. 3. Yuan Q, Xin L, Han S, Su Y, Wu R, Liu X, Wuri J, Li R, Yan T. Lactulose Improves Neurological Outcomes by Repressing Harmful Bacteria and Regulating Inflammatory Reactions in Mice After Stroke. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021 Jul 13;11:644448. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.644448. PMID: 34327147; PMCID: PMC8313872.
In vitro protocol:	1. Calatayud M, Duysburgh C, Van den Abbeele P, Franckenstein D, Kuchina-Koch A, Marzorati M. Long-Term Lactulose Administration Improves Dysbiosis Induced by Antibiotic and C. difficile in the PathoGutTM SHIME Model. Antibiotics (Basel). 2022 Oct 24;11(11):1464. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics11111464. PMID: 36358119; PMCID: PMC9686563.
In vivo protocol:	1. Hiraishi K, Zhao F, Kurahara LH, Li X, Yamashita T, Hashimoto T, Matsuda Y, Sun Z, Zhang H, Hirano K. Lactulose Modulates the Structure of Gut Microbiota and Alleviates Colitis-Associated Tumorigenesis. Nutrients. 2022 Feb 3;14(3):649. doi: 10.3390/nu14030649. PMID: 35277009; PMCID: PMC8840163. 2. Yuan Q, Xin L, Han S, Su Y, Wu R, Liu X, Wuri J, Li R, Yan T. Lactulose Improves Neurological Outcomes by Repressing Harmful Bacteria and Regulating Inflammatory Reactions in Mice After Stroke. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021 Jul 13;11:644448. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.644448. PMID: 34327147; PMCID: PMC8313872.

Molarity Calculator

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*When preparing stock solutions always use the batch-specific molecular weight of the product found on the vial label and SDS / CoA (available online).

Reconstitution Calculator

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1: Nooshkam M, Madadlou A. Microwave-assisted isomerisation of lactose to lactulose and Maillard conjugation of lactulose and lactose with whey proteins and peptides. Food Chem. 2016 Jun 1;200:1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.12.094. Epub 2015 Dec 31. PubMed PMID: 26830553.

2: K Sunny J Jr, Garcia CJ, McCallum RW. Interpreting the Lactulose Breath Test for the Diagnosis of Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth. Am J Med Sci. 2016 Mar;351(3):229-32. doi: 10.1016/j.amjms.2015.12.008. PubMed PMID: 26992249.

3: Mukherjee R, Yun JW. Pharmacological inhibition of galectin-1 by lactulose alleviates weight gain in diet-induced obese rats. Life Sci. 2016 Mar 1;148:112-7. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.02.018. Epub 2016 Feb 13. PubMed PMID: 26880535.

4: Gluud LL, Vilstrup H, Morgan MY. Non-absorbable disaccharides versus placebo/no intervention and lactulose versus lactitol for the prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 May 6;(5):CD003044. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003044.pub4. Review. PubMed PMID: 27153247.

5: Nooshkam M, Madadlou A. Maillard conjugation of lactulose with potentially bioactive peptides. Food Chem. 2016 Feb 1;192:831-6. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.07.094. Epub 2015 Jul 23. PubMed PMID: 26304417.

6: Huang P, Gou WL, Wang XT, Ding YL, He J, Wang CH. Lactulose oral solution for the treatment of postpartum constipation. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2016 Apr-Jun;30(2):523-8. PubMed PMID: 27358142.

7: Gluud LL, Vilstrup H, Morgan MY. Non-absorbable disaccharides versus placebo/no intervention and lactulose versus lactitol for the prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Apr 18;4:CD003044. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003044.pub3. Review. Update in: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;(5):CD003044. PubMed PMID: 27089005.

8: Zhao PY, Li HL, Mohammadi M, Kim IH. Effect of dietary lactulose supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, meat quality, relative organ weight, and excreta microflora in broilers. Poult Sci. 2016 Jan;95(1):84-9. doi: 10.3382/ps/pev324. Epub 2015 Nov 5. PubMed PMID: 26542810.

9: Rentschler E, Schuh K, Krewinkel M, Baur C, Claaßen W, Meyer S, Kuschel B, Stressler T, Fischer L. Enzymatic production of lactulose and epilactose in milk. J Dairy Sci. 2015 Oct;98(10):6767-75. doi: 10.3168/jds.2015-9900. Epub 2015 Aug 5. PubMed PMID: 26254523.

10: Emami Alorizi SM, Fattahi MR, Saghebi SA, Salehi A, Rezaeizadeh H, Nimrouzi M, Zarshenas MM. Assessment of the impacts of traditional Persian medical schemes and recommendations on functional chronic constipation compared to a classic medicine lactulose, a randomized clinical trial. J Complement Integr Med. 2015 Dec;12(4):325-31. doi: 10.1515/jcim-2015-0013. PubMed PMID: 26214609.

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