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Deflazacort

Deflazacort is a glucocorticoid used as an anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant. It is sold in the United Kingdom by Shire under the trade name Calcort.  in Brazil as Cortax, Decortil, and Deflanil, and in Honduras as Flezacor. It is not available in the United States. Deflazacort is a prodrug. Its potency is around 70–90% that of prednisone.  (source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deflazacort).

 1: Sousa NG, Faria E, Carrapatoso I, Almeida E, Geraldes L, Chieira C. Deflazacort: a possible alternative in corticosteroid allergy. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2010;20(5):449-51. PubMed PMID: 20945618.

2: Vega J, Guarda FJ, Goecke H, Méndez GP. Complete remission of non-HIV collapsing glomerulopathy with deflazacort and lisinopril in an adult patient. Clin Exp Nephrol. 2010 Aug;14(4):385-8. Epub 2010 Apr 29. PubMed PMID: 20428916.

3: Joshi N, Rajeshwari K. Deflazacort. J Postgrad Med. 2009 Oct-Dec;55(4):296-300. PubMed PMID: 20083885.

4: Wong-Kisiel LC, Kuntz NL. Two siblings with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2E responsive to deflazacort. Neuromuscul Disord. 2010 Feb;20(2):122-4. Epub 2010 Jan 13. PubMed PMID: 20071171.

5: Marques MJ, Oggiam DS, Barbin IC, Ferretti R, Santo Neto H. Long-term therapy with deflazacort decreases myocardial fibrosis in mdx mice. Muscle Nerve. 2009 Sep;40(3):466-8. PubMed PMID: 19623634.

6: Grosso S, Farnetani M, Mostardini R, Cordelli D, Berardi R, Balestri P. A comparative study of hydrocortisone versus deflazacort in drug-resistant epilepsy of childhood. Epilepsy Res. 2008 Sep;81(1):80-5. Epub 2008 Jun 3. PubMed PMID: 18524542.

7: Mavrogeni S, Papavasiliou A, Douskou M, Kolovou G, Papadopoulou E, Cokkinos DV. Effect of deflazacort on cardiac and sternocleidomastoid muscles in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a magnetic resonance imaging study. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2009 Jan;13(1):34-40. Epub 2008 Apr 11. PubMed PMID: 18406648.

8: Houde S, Filiatrault M, Fournier A, Dubé J, D'Arcy S, Bérubé D, Brousseau Y, Lapierre G, Vanasse M. Deflazacort use in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: an 8-year follow-up. Pediatr Neurol. 2008 Mar;38(3):200-6. PubMed PMID: 18279756.

9: Di Sciascio MB, Vianale G, Verna N, Petrarca C, Perrone A, Toniato E, Muraro R, Conti P, Di Gioacchino M. Eosinophil recruiting chemokines are down-regulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of allergic patients treated with deflazacort or desloratadine. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2007 Oct-Dec;20(4):745-51. PubMed PMID: 18179747.

10: Nayak S, Acharjya B. Deflazacort versus other glucocorticoids: a comparison. Indian J Dermatol. 2008;53(4):167-70. PubMed PMID: 19882026; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2763756.

11: Gonzalez-Perez O, Luquin S, Garcia-Estrada J, Ramos-Remus C. Deflazacort: a glucocorticoid with few metabolic adverse effects but important immunosuppressive activity. Adv Ther. 2007 Sep-Oct;24(5):1052-60. Review. PubMed PMID: 18029332.

12: Saviola G, Abdi Ali L, Shams Eddin S, Coppini A, Cavalieri F, Campostrini L, Sacco S, Bucci M, Cirino G, Rossini M. Compared clinical efficacy and bone metabolic effects of low-dose deflazacort and methyl prednisolone in male inflammatory arthropathies: a 12-month open randomized pilot study. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2007 Jun;46(6):994-8. Epub 2007 Mar 23. PubMed PMID: 17384176.

13: Ferraris JR, Pasqualini T, Alonso G, Legal S, Sorroche P, Galich AM, Jasper H; Deflazacort Study Group. Effects of deflazacort vs. methylprednisone: a randomized study in kidney transplant patients. Pediatr Nephrol. 2007 May;22(5):734-41. Epub 2007 Feb 9. PubMed PMID: 17294225.

14: Cuffini SL, Ellena JF, Mascarenhas YP, Ayala AP, Sielser HW, Filho JM, Monti GA, Aiassa V, Sperandeo NR. Physicochemical characterization of deflazacort: thermal analysis, crystallographic and spectroscopic study. Steroids. 2007 Mar;72(3):261-9. Epub 2007 Jan 17. PubMed PMID: 17207826.

15: Bae SH, Kim JS, Kim DH. Deflazacort for type-1 autoimmune hepatitis in a Korean girl. J Korean Med Sci. 2006 Aug;21(4):758-60. PubMed PMID: 16891827; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2729905.

16: Gonzalez-Castañeda RE, Castellanos-Alvarado EA, Flores-Marquez MR, Gonzalez-Perez O, Luquin S, Garcia-Estrada J, Ramos-Remus C. Deflazacort induced stronger immunosuppression than expected. Clin Rheumatol. 2007 Jun;26(6):935-40. PubMed PMID: 16738843.

17: Biggar WD, Harris VA, Eliasoph L, Alman B. Long-term benefits of deflazacort treatment for boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy in their second decade. Neuromuscul Disord. 2006 Apr;16(4):249-55. Epub 2006 Mar 20. PubMed PMID: 16545568.

18: Archer JD, Vargas CC, Anderson JE. Persistent and improved functional gain in mdx dystrophic mice after treatment with L-arginine and deflazacort. FASEB J. 2006 Apr;20(6):738-40. Epub 2006 Feb 7. PubMed PMID: 16464957.

19: Ventura MT, Calogiuri GF, Buquicchio R, Di Leo E, Ferrannini A. Cutaneous adverse drug reactions to Fluticasone propionate and Deflazacort in an asthmatic patient. Contact Dermatitis. 2005 Aug;53(2):118-9. PubMed PMID: 16033410.

20: Del Rosso A, Cinelli M, Guiducci S, Pignone A, Fibbi G, Margheri F, Gabrielli A, Giacomelli R, Coppini A, Del Rosso M, Matucci Cerinic M. Deflazacort modulates the fibrinolytic pattern and reduces uPA-dependent chemioinvasion and proliferation in rheumatoid arthritis synoviocytes. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2005 Oct;44(10):1255-62. Epub 2005 Jul 5. PubMed PMID: 15998634.

21: Pearle MS. Role of adjunctive medical therapy with nifedipine and deflazacort after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy of ureteral stones. Int Braz J Urol. 2002 Jul-Aug;28(4):364. PubMed PMID: 15748345.

22: Biggar WD, Politano L, Harris VA, Passamano L, Vajsar J, Alman B, Palladino A, Comi LI, Nigro G. Deflazacort in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a comparison of two different protocols. Neuromuscul Disord. 2004 Sep;14(8-9):476-82. PubMed PMID: 15336688.

23: Guerrero R, de la Piedra C, Teixeiro E, Bragado R, Traba ML. Hydrocortisone and deflazacort induce different effects on vitamin D receptor level increase produced by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in rat osteoblast-like UMR-106 cells. J Rheumatol. 2004 Jan;31(1):167-72. PubMed PMID: 14705237.

24: Campbell C, Jacob P. Deflazacort for the treatment of Duchenne Dystrophy: a systematic review. BMC Neurol. 2003 Sep 8;3:7. Epub 2003 Sep 8. Review. PubMed PMID: 12962544; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC222985.

25: Anderson JE, Vargas C. Correlated NOS-Imu and myf5 expression by satellite cells in mdx mouse muscle regeneration during NOS manipulation and deflazacort treatment. Neuromuscul Disord. 2003 Jun;13(5):388-96. PubMed PMID: 12798794.

26: Silversides CK, Webb GD, Harris VA, Biggar DW. Effects of deflazacort on left ventricular function in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Am J Cardiol. 2003 Mar 15;91(6):769-72. PubMed PMID: 12633823.

27: Giusti C, Forte R, Vingolo EM. Deflazacort treatment of cystoid macular edema in patients affected by Retinitis Pigmentosa: a pilot study. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2002 Jan-Feb;6(1):1-8. PubMed PMID: 12608650.

28: Devogelaer JP, Gennari C. Deflazacort in giant cell arteritis. J Rheumatol. 2002 Oct;29(10):2244-5. PubMed PMID: 12375347.

29: Latta K, Krieg RJ Jr, Carbajo-Pérez E, Carbajo S, Chan JC. Effects of deflazacort and cortisone on cellular proliferation in the rat thymus. Life Sci. 2002 Sep 6;71(16):1951-60. PubMed PMID: 12175709.

30: Porpiglia F, Destefanis P, Fiori C, Scarpa RM, Fontana D. Role of adjunctive medical therapy with nifedipine and deflazacort after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy of ureteral stones. Urology. 2002 Jun;59(6):835-8. PubMed PMID: 12031363.

31: Gómez CM, Higuero NC, Moral de Gregorio A, Quiles MH, Nuñez Aceves AB, Lara MJ, Sánchez CS. Urticaria-angioedema by deflazacort. Allergy. 2002 Apr;57(4):370-1. PubMed PMID: 11906376.

32: Talim B, Malaguti C, Gnudi S, Politano L, Merlini L. Vertebral compression in Duchenne muscular dystrophy following deflazacort. Neuromuscul Disord. 2002 Mar;12(3):294-5. PubMed PMID: 11801403.

33: Clayman RV. Effectiveness of nifedipine and deflazacort in the management of distal ureter stones. J Urol. 2002 Feb;167(2 Pt 1):797-8. PubMed PMID: 11799973.

34: Chung H, Kang YS, Hwang CS, Moon IK, Yim CH, Choi KH, Han KO, Jang HC, Yoon HK, Han IK. Deflazacort increases osteoclast formation in mouse bone marrow culture and the ratio of RANKL/OPG mRNA expression in marrow stromal cells. J Korean Med Sci. 2001 Dec;16(6):769-73. PubMed PMID: 11748360.

35: Cacoub P, Chemlal K, Khalifa P, Wechsler B, De Gennes C, Belmatoug N, Cohen P, Ziza JM, Verdoncq B, Piette JC. Deflazacort versus prednisone in patients with giant cell arteritis: effects on bone mass loss. J Rheumatol. 2001 Nov;28(11):2474-9. PubMed PMID: 11708421.

36: Skrabek RQ, Anderson JE. Metabolic shifts and myocyte hypertrophy in deflazacort treatment of mdx mouse cardiomyopathy. Muscle Nerve. 2001 Feb;24(2):192-202. PubMed PMID: 11180202.

37: Biggar WD, Gingras M, Fehlings DL, Harris VA, Steele CA. Deflazacort treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. J Pediatr. 2001 Jan;138(1):45-50. PubMed PMID: 11148511.

38: Garcia-Bravo B, Repiso JB, Camacho F. Systemic contact dermatitis due to deflazacort. Contact Dermatitis. 2000 Dec;43(6):359-60. PubMed PMID: 11140387.

39: Anderson JE, Weber M, Vargas C. Deflazacort increases laminin expression and myogenic repair, and induces early persistent functional gain in mdx mouse muscular dystrophy. Cell Transplant. 2000 Jul-Aug;9(4):551-64. PubMed PMID: 11038071.

40: Porpiglia F, Destefanis P, Fiori C, Fontana D. Effectiveness of nifedipine and deflazacort in the management of distal ureter stones. Urology. 2000 Oct 1;56(4):579-82. PubMed PMID: 11018608.

41: Bonifati MD, Ruzza G, Bonometto P, Berardinelli A, Gorni K, Orcesi S, Lanzi G, Angelini C. A multicenter, double-blind, randomized trial of deflazacort versus prednisone in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Muscle Nerve. 2000 Sep;23(9):1344-7. PubMed PMID: 10951436.

42: Ferraris JR, Pasqualini T, Legal S, Sorroche P, Galich AM, Pennisi P, Domene H, Jasper H. Effect of deflazacort versus methylprednisone on growth, body composition, lipid profile, and bone mass after renal transplantation. The Deflazacort Study Group. Pediatr Nephrol. 2000 Jul;14(7):682-8. PubMed PMID: 10912543.

43: Schärer K, Feneberg R, Klaus G, Paschen C, Wüster C, Mehls O, Schaefer F. Experience with deflazacort in children and adolescents after renal transplantation. Pediatr Nephrol. 2000 Jun;14(6):457-63. PubMed PMID: 10872183.

44: Mignogna MD, Lo Muzio L, Mignogna RE, Carbone R, Ruoppo E, Bucci E. Oral pemphigus: long term behaviour and clinical response to treatment with deflazacort in sixteen cases. J Oral Pathol Med. 2000 Apr;29(4):145-52. Review. PubMed PMID: 10766391.

45: Deflazacort--an alternative to prednisolone? Drug Ther Bull. 1999 Aug;37(8):57-8. Review. PubMed PMID: 10696685.

46: Walker BR. Deflazacort: towards selective glucocorticoid receptor modulation? Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2000 Jan;52(1):13-5. PubMed PMID: 10651748.

47: Rebollo Bernárdez J, Cifuentes Mimoso C, Piñar Moreno A, Caunedo Alvarez A, Salas Herrero E, Jiménez-Sáenz M, Herrerías Gutiérrez J. Deflazacort for long-term maintenance of remission in type I autoimmune hepatitis. Rev Esp Enferm Dig. 1999 Sep;91(9):630-8. English, Spanish. PubMed PMID: 10502711.

48: Baş F, Darendeliler F, Petorak I, Sadikoğlu B, Bilir A, Bundak R, Saka N, Günöz H. Deflazacort treatment in progressive diaphyseal dysplasia (Camurati-Engelmann disease). J Paediatr Child Health. 1999 Aug;35(4):401-5. PubMed PMID: 10457303.

49: Di Munno O, Mazzantini M, Milani S, Pasero G. Clinical equivalence between deflazacort oral drops and tablets in active rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 1999;18(2):140-4. PubMed PMID: 10357120.

50: Sáez Barcelona JA, Carmona Martín M, Navarro López V, Blanch Sancho JJ, Puras Tellaeche A. An open comparison of the diabetogenic effect of deflazacort and prednisone at a dosage ratio of 1.5 mg:1 mg. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1999 Apr;55(2):105-9. PubMed PMID: 10335904.

51: Latta K, Krieg RJ Jr, Hisano S, Veldhuis JD, Chan JC. Effect of the synthetic glucocorticoid, deflazacort, on body growth, pulsatile secretion of GH and thymolysis in the rat. Eur J Endocrinol. 1999 May;140(5):441-6. PubMed PMID: 10229911.

52: Zwadlo-Klarwasser G, Schmutzler W. The effects of the glucocorticoids prednisolone, deflazacort and beclomethasone-dipropionate on the RM 3/1 macrophage in human peripheral blood. Skin Pharmacol Appl Skin Physiol. 1998;11(4-5):227-31. PubMed PMID: 9885406.

53: Kim MS, Kim YS, Lim SK, Kim SI, Moon JI, Park K. Effect of deflazacort on bone mineral density in renal transplant recipients. Transplant Proc. 1998 Nov;30(7):3041-2. PubMed PMID: 9838340.

54: Lippuner K, Casez JP, Horber FF, Jaeger P. Effects of deflazacort versus prednisone on bone mass, body composition, and lipid profile: a randomized, double blind study in kidney transplant patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998 Nov;83(11):3795-802. PubMed PMID: 9814449.

55: Ferraris JR, Sorroche P, Legal S, Oyhamburu J, Brandi P, Pasqualini T. Effect of therapy with deflazacort on dyslipoproteinemia after pediatric renal transplantation. J Pediatr. 1998 Oct;133(4):533-6. PubMed PMID: 9787693.

56: Ferraris J, Krmar R, Flores D, Giogieri S, Díaz L, Tessler J. Pharmacokinetics of deflazacort in renal transplanted and hemodialyzed children. Clin Nephrol. 1998 Sep;50(3):172-7. PubMed PMID: 9776421.

57: LoCascio V, Ballanti P, Milani S, Bertoldo F, LoCascio C, Zanolin EM, Bonucci E. A histomorphometric long-term longitudinal study of trabecular bone loss in glucocorticoid-treated patients: prednisone versus deflazacort. Calcif Tissue Int. 1998 Mar;62(3):199-204. PubMed PMID: 9501951.

58: Broyer M, Terzi F, Lehnert A, Gagnadoux MF, Guest G, Niaudet P. A controlled study of deflazacort in the treatment of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol. 1997 Aug;11(4):418-22. PubMed PMID: 9260237.

59: Lorenzo AL, Katz RS. Update on deflazacort. J Clin Rheumatol. 1997 Jun;3(3):144-6. PubMed PMID: 19078171.

60: Clark G. Does deflazacort therapy offer any advantages over conventional corticosteroids in children with renal disease? Pediatr Nephrol. 1997 Jun;11(3):394. PubMed PMID: 9203206.

61: Ferraris JR, Pennisi P, Pasqualini T, Jasper H. Effects of deflazacort immunosuppression on long-term growth and growth factors after renal transplantation. Pediatr Nephrol. 1997 Jun;11(3):322-4. PubMed PMID: 9203181.

62: Morabito F, Callea I, Irrera G, Cartisano G, Dattola A, Rodinò A, Brugiatelli M. In vitro improvement of chlorambucil-induced cytotoxicity by deflazacort and 6-methylprednisolone in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Eur J Haematol. 1997 May;58(5):301-6. PubMed PMID: 9222284.

63: Krmar RT, Ramirez JA, Torres CG, Ferraris JR. Posterior subcapsular cataracts associated with deflazacort therapy. Clin Nephrol. 1997 Mar;47(3):205. PubMed PMID: 9105772.

64: Magnuson SK, Booth R, Porter S, Gorski JP. Bilateral tibial marrow ablation in rats induces a rapid hypercalcemia arising from extratibial bone resorption inhibitable by methylprednisolone or deflazacort. J Bone Miner Res. 1997 Feb;12(2):200-9. PubMed PMID: 9041051.

65: Kim YS, Kim MS, Kim SI, Lim SK, Lee HY, Han DS, Park K. Post-transplantation diabetes is better controlled after conversion from prednisone to deflazacort: a prospective trial in renal transplants. Transpl Int. 1997;10(3):197-201. PubMed PMID: 9163859.

66: Rao N, Bhargava VO, Reynolds DL, Eller MG, Weir SJ. An investigation of the dose proportionality of deflazacort pharmacokinetics. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 1996 Dec;17(9):753-60. PubMed PMID: 8968528.

67: Alvarez-Amador L, Alvarado-Vega AG, Zúñiga-Armendáriz V, Zaragoza RM, Diliz HS, Arce-Salinas CA. Assessment of the quality of life in kidney transplant patients: a randomized, double-blind comparison of Deflazacort and prednisone. Transplant Proc. 1996 Dec;28(6):3391-3. PubMed PMID: 8962324.

68: Anderson JE, McIntosh LM, Poettcker R. Deflazacort but not prednisone improves both muscle repair and fiber growth in diaphragm and limb muscle in vivo in the mdx dystrophic mouse. Muscle Nerve. 1996 Dec;19(12):1576-85. PubMed PMID: 8941272.

69: Ferraris JR, Tambutti ML, Redal M, Ramirez JA, Carlin MC, Samaniego MC, Prigoshin N. Immunosuppressive activity of deflazacort in pediatric renal transplantation. Transplantation. 1996 Aug 15;62(3):417-20. PubMed PMID: 8779694.

70: Rao N, Eller M, Arumugham T, Weir S. The effect of food on the relative bioavailability of deflazacort. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 1996 Jul-Sep;21(3):241-5. PubMed PMID: 8980922.

71: Sáez Barcelona JA, Carmona Martín MM, Navarro López V. Deflazacort versus methylprednisolone in polymyalgia rheumatica. J Rheumatol. 1996 Jul;23(7):1306-7. PubMed PMID: 8823716.

72: Navarro Pulido AM, Orta JC, Buzo G. Delayed hypersensitivity to deflazacort. Allergy. 1996 Jun;51(6):441-2. PubMed PMID: 8837672.

73: Krogsgaard MR, Thamsborg G, Lund B. Changes in bone mass during low dose corticosteroid treatment in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica: a double blind, prospective comparison between prednisolone and deflazacort. Ann Rheum Dis. 1996 Feb;55(2):143-6. PubMed PMID: 8712867; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1010111.

74: Babadjanova G, Allolio B, Vollmer M, Reincke M, Schulte HM. Comparison of the pharmacodynamic effects of deflazacort and prednisolone in healthy subjects. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1996;51(1):53-7. PubMed PMID: 8880052.

75: Carmona-Ortells L, Carvajal-Méndez I, García-Vadillo JA, Alvaro-Gracia JM, González-Alvaro I. Transient osteoporosis of the hip: successful response to deflazacort. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 1995 Sep-Oct;13(5):653-5. PubMed PMID: 8575148.

76: Krogsgaard MR, Lund B, Johnsson B. A longterm prospective study of the equipotency between deflazacort and prednisolone in the treatment of patients with polymyalgia rheumatica. J Rheumatol. 1995 Sep;22(9):1660-2. PubMed PMID: 8523341.

77: Markham A, Bryson HM. Deflazacort. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy. Drugs. 1995 Aug;50(2):317-33. Review. PubMed PMID: 8521761.

78: Di Munno O, Imbimbo B, Mazzantini M, Milani S, Occhipinti G, Pasero G. Deflazacort versus methylprednisolone in polymyalgia rheumatica: clinical equivalence and relative antiinflammatory potency of different treatment regimens. J Rheumatol. 1995 Aug;22(8):1492-8. PubMed PMID: 7473472.

79: Möllmann H, Hochhaus G, Rohatagi S, Barth J, Derendorf H. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic evaluation of deflazacort in comparison to methylprednisolone and prednisolone. Pharm Res. 1995 Jul;12(7):1096-100. PubMed PMID: 7494809.

80: Dekhuijzen PN, Gayan-Ramirez G, Bisschop A, de Bock V, Dom R, Bouillon R, Decramer M. Rat diaphragm contractility and histopathology are affected differently by low dose treatment with methylprednisolone and deflazacort. Eur Respir J. 1995 May;8(5):824-30. PubMed PMID: 7656957.

81: Falcini F, Trapani S, Ermini M, Bartolozzi G. Deflazacort in pediatric rheumatic diseases needs a frequent follow-up of bone densitometry. Pediatrics. 1995 Feb;95(2):318. PubMed PMID: 7838659.

82: Lo Cascio V, Kanis JA, Beneton MN, Bertoldo F, Adami S, Poggi G, Zanolin ME. Acute effects of deflazacort and prednisone on rates of mineralization and bone formation. Calcif Tissue Int. 1995 Feb;56(2):109-12. PubMed PMID: 7736317.

83: Huber EW, Barbuch RJ. Spectral analysis and structural identification of a major deflazacort metabolite in man. Xenobiotica. 1995 Feb;25(2):175-83. PubMed PMID: 7618345.

84: Reitter B. Deflazacort vs. prednisone in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: trends of an ongoing study. Brain Dev. 1995;17 Suppl:39-43. PubMed PMID: 8882570.

85: Latta K, Krieg RJ Jr, Chan W, Hisano S, Chan JC. Effects of deflazacort and cortisone on body growth, thymus weight and gene expression of growth-related proteins in the rat. Eur J Endocrinol. 1994 Dec;131(6):652-7. PubMed PMID: 7804450.

86: Reynolds DL, Burmaster SD, Eichmeier LS. Quantitative determination of 21-hydroxy-deflazacort in human plasma using gradient semi-microbore liquid chromatography. Biomed Chromatogr. 1994 Sep-Oct;8(5):230-5. PubMed PMID: 7841767.

87: Hirata H, Kasama T, Sawai Y, Fike RR. Simultaneous determination of deflazacort metabolites II and III, cortisol, cortisone, prednisolone and prednisone in human serum by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Biomed Appl. 1994 Aug 5;658(1):55-61. PubMed PMID: 7952132.

88: Santos-Montes A, Gonzalo-Lumbreras R, Gasco-Lopez AI, Izquierdo-Hornillos R. Extraction and high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of deflazacort and its metabolite 21-hydroxydeflazacort. Application to urine samples. J Chromatogr B Biomed Appl. 1994 Jul 1;657(1):248-53. PubMed PMID: 7952078.

89: Eberhardt R, Krüger K, Reiter W, Gross W, Zwingers T. Long-term therapy with the new glucocorticosteroid deflazacort in rheumatoid arthritis. Double-blind controlled randomized 12-months study against prednisone. Arzneimittelforschung. 1994 May;44(5):642-7. PubMed PMID: 8024639.

90: Cimmino MA, Moggiana G, Montecucco C, Caporali R, Accardo S. Long term treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica with deflazacort. Ann Rheum Dis. 1994 May;53(5):331-3. PubMed PMID: 8017988; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1005333.

91: Coirini H, Flores D, Vega MC, Gonzalez Deniselle MC, De Nicola AF. Binding of the anti-inflammatory steroid deflazacort to glucocorticoid receptors in brain and peripheral tissues. In vivo and in vitro studies. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1994 May;49(1):43-9. PubMed PMID: 8003438.

92: Angelini C, Pegoraro E, Turella E, Intino MT, Pini A, Costa C. Deflazacort in Duchenne dystrophy: study of long-term effect. Muscle Nerve. 1994 Apr;17(4):386-91. Erratum in: Muscle Nerve 1994 Jul;17(7):833. PubMed PMID: 8170484.

93: Omote M, Sakai K, Mizusawa H. Acute effects of deflazacort and its metabolite 21-desacetyl-deflazacort on allergic reactions. Arzneimittelforschung. 1994 Feb;44(2):149-53. PubMed PMID: 7511903.

94: Adler RA, Naumann SA, Mansouri A, Krieg RJ Jr, Latta K, Sanders KM. Anti-proliferative effects of deflazacort on Nb2 cells as quantitated by formazan production. Life Sci. 1994;55(23):1823-31. PubMed PMID: 7968262.

95: Arizón JM, Anguita M, Vallés F, López-Rubio F, López-Granados A, Casares J, Segura J, Mesa D, Muñoz I, Alados P, et al. A randomized study comparing deflazacort and prednisone in heart transplant patients. J Heart Lung Transplant. 1993 Sep-Oct;12(5):864-8. PubMed PMID: 8241229.

96: O'Connell SL, Tresham J, Fortune CL, Farrugia W, McDougall JG, Scoggins BA, Wark JD. Effects of prednisolone and deflazacort on osteocalcin metabolism in sheep. Calcif Tissue Int. 1993 Aug;53(2):117-21. PubMed PMID: 8402319.

97: Ciprandi G, Buscaglia S, Pesce GP, Iudice A, Bagnasco M, Canonica GW. Deflazacort protects against late-phase but not early-phase reactions induced by the allergen-specific conjunctival provocation test. Allergy. 1993 Aug;48(6):421-30. PubMed PMID: 7902021.

98: Aicardi G, Benso L, Vignolo M, Terragna A, Verrina E, Cordone G, Coppo R, Sernia O, Sardella ML, Di Battista E, et al. Dose-dependent effects of deflazacort and prednisone on growth and skeletal maturation. Br J Rheumatol. 1993 May;32 Suppl 2:39-43. PubMed PMID: 8495279.

99: Cerqueti Piera M, Saccà Sergio C, Allegri P, Ciurlo G, Zingirian M, Buscaglia S, Ciprandi G. Deflazacort in the treatment of uveitis: a comparative study versus prednisone. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 1993 May-Jun;21(3):107-10. PubMed PMID: 8356936.

100: Arizón JM, Anguita M, Vallés F, Montero A, Sancho M, López-Rubio F, Latre JM, Calleja F, Casares J, Román M, et al. Preliminary experience with deflazacort, a new synthetic steroid with fewer undesirable side effects, in heart transplant patients. J Heart Lung Transplant. 1993 May-Jun;12(3):445-8; discussion 448-9. PubMed PMID: 8329416.

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