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Seocalcitol

Seocalcitol is a substance that is being studied as a treatment for cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called vitamin D analogs.

In vitro: Proliferation of Hep 3B, PLC/PRF/5 and SKHEP-1 HCC cells was significantly inhibited at all EB1089 concentrations tested, while HTC cells only responded to 1000 nM concentration of EB1089. Proliferation of Novikoff cells was unaffected by the drug at all concentrations examined. In vivo: EB1089 effectively inhibited SKHEP-1 tumor growth without inducing hypercalcemia (p<0.05). Results indicate that EB1089 is an effective growth inhibitor of HCC tumors. (source: Anticancer Res. 2008 Nov-Dec;28(6A):3757-61.).

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 1: Washington MN, Weigel NL. 1{alpha},25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits growth of VCaP prostate cancer cells despite inducing the growth-promoting TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusion. Endocrinology. 2010 Apr;151(4):1409-17. Epub 2010 Feb 10. PubMed PMID: 20147525; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2850246.

2: Macejová D, Ondková S, Brtko J. Vitamin D3 affects expression of thyroid hormone receptor alpha and deiodinase activity in liver of MNU-treated Sprague-Dawley rats. Gen Physiol Biophys. 2009 Dec;28(4):363-70. PubMed PMID: 20097959.

3: Bhatia V, Saini MK, Shen X, Bi LX, Qiu S, Weigel NL, Falzon M. EB1089 inhibits the parathyroid hormone-related protein-enhanced bone metastasis and xenograft growth of human prostate cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther. 2009 Jul;8(7):1787-98. Epub 2009 Jul 7. PubMed PMID: 19584236; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2727128.

4: Ghous Z, Akhter J, Pourgholami MH, Morris DL. Inhibition of hepatocellular cancer by EB1089: in vitro and in vive study. Anticancer Res. 2008 Nov-Dec;28(6A):3757-61. PubMed PMID: 19189661.

5: Luo W, Chen Y, Liu M, Du K, Zheng G, Cai T, Zhang W, Zhao F, Yao T, Yang R, Chen J. EB1089 induces Skp2-dependent p27 accumulation, leading to cell growth inhibition and cell cycle G1 phase arrest in human hepatoma cells. Cancer Invest. 2009 Jan;27(1):29-37. PubMed PMID: 19160095.

6: Krämer C, Seltmann H, Seifert M, Tilgen W, Zouboulis CC, Reichrath J. Characterization of the vitamin D endocrine system in human sebocytes in vitro. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2009 Jan;113(1-2):9-16. Epub 2008 Nov 5. PubMed PMID: 19027855.

7: Lu L, Qiu J, Liu S, Luo W. Vitamin D3 analogue EB1089 inhibits the proliferation of human laryngeal squamous carcinoma cells via p57. Mol Cancer Ther. 2008 May;7(5):1268-74. PubMed PMID: 18483314.

8: Ormerod AK, Xing Z, Pedigo NG, Mishra A, Kaetzel DM. The calcitriol analogue EB1089 impairs alveolarization and induces localized regions of increased fibroblast density in neonatal rat lung. Exp Lung Res. 2008 May;34(4):155-82. PubMed PMID: 18432454; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2747600.

9: Martinesi M, Treves C, d'Albasio G, Bagnoli S, Bonanomi AG, Stio M. Vitamin D derivatives induce apoptosis and downregulate ICAM-1 levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of inflammatory bowel disease patients. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2008 May;14(5):597-604. PubMed PMID: 18200516.

10: Wehmeier KR, Mazza A, Hachem S, Ligaray K, Mooradian AD, Wong NC, Haas MJ. Differential regulation of apolipoprotein A-I gene expression by vitamin D receptor modulators. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2008 Feb;1780(2):264-73. Epub 2007 Nov 26. PubMed PMID: 18082637.

11: Bondza-Kibangou P, Millot C, El Khoury V, Millot JM. Antioxidants and doxorubicin supplementation to modulate CD14 expression and oxidative stress induced by vitamin D3 and seocalcitol in HL60 cells. Oncol Rep. 2007 Dec;18(6):1513-9. PubMed PMID: 17982638.

12: Ting HJ, Bao BY, Reeder JE, Messing EM, Lee YF. Increased expression of corepressors in aggressive androgen-independent prostate cancer cells results in loss of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 responsiveness. Mol Cancer Res. 2007 Sep;5(9):967-80. PubMed PMID: 17855664.

13: Valrance ME, Brunet AH, Welsh J. Vitamin D receptor-dependent inhibition of mammary tumor growth by EB1089 and ultraviolet radiation in vivo. Endocrinology. 2007 Oct;148(10):4887-94. Epub 2007 Jul 12. PubMed PMID: 17628009.

14: Larriba MJ, Valle N, Pálmer HG, Ordóñez-Morán P, Alvarez-Díaz S, Becker KF, Gamallo C, de Herreros AG, González-Sancho JM, Muñoz A. The inhibition of Wnt/beta-catenin signalling by 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is abrogated by Snail1 in human colon cancer cells. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2007 Mar;14(1):141-51. PubMed PMID: 17395983.

15: Grove M, Müllertz A, Pedersen GP, Nielsen JL. Bioavailability of seocalcitol III. Administration of lipid-based formulations to minipigs in the fasted and fed state. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2007 May;31(1):8-15. Epub 2007 Feb 3. PubMed PMID: 17383165.

16: Høyer-Hansen M, Bastholm L, Szyniarowski P, Campanella M, Szabadkai G, Farkas T, Bianchi K, Fehrenbacher N, Elling F, Rizzuto R, Mathiasen IS, Jäättelä M. Control of macroautophagy by calcium, calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase-beta, and Bcl-2. Mol Cell. 2007 Jan 26;25(2):193-205. PubMed PMID: 17244528.

17: Reichrath J, Rech M, Moeini M, Meese E, Tilgen W, Seifert M. In vitro comparison of the vitamin D endocrine system in 1,25(OH)2D3-responsive and -resistant melanoma cells. Cancer Biol Ther. 2007 Jan;6(1):48-55. PubMed PMID: 17172823.

18: Demasters G, Di X, Newsham I, Shiu R, Gewirtz DA. Potentiation of radiation sensitivity in breast tumor cells by the vitamin D3 analogue, EB 1089, through promotion of autophagy and interference with proliferative recovery. Mol Cancer Ther. 2006 Nov;5(11):2786-97. PubMed PMID: 17121925.

19: Grove M, Nielsen JL, Pedersen GP, Müllertz A. Bioavailability of seocalcitol IV: evaluation of lymphatic transport in conscious rats. Pharm Res. 2006 Nov;23(11):2681-8. Epub 2006 Oct 18. PubMed PMID: 17048118.

20: Pampalakis G, Sotiropoulou G. Multiple mechanisms underlie the aberrant expression of the human kallikrein 6 gene in breast cancer. Biol Chem. 2006 Jun;387(6):773-82. PubMed PMID: 16800739.

21: Zhang X, Nicosia SV, Bai W. Vitamin D receptor is a novel drug target for ovarian cancer treatment. Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 2006 May;6(3):229-44. Review. PubMed PMID: 16712459.

22: Grove M, Müllertz A, Nielsen JL, Pedersen GP. Bioavailability of seocalcitol II: development and characterisation of self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) for oral administration containing medium and long chain triglycerides. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2006 Jun;28(3):233-42. Epub 2006 May 2. PubMed PMID: 16650738.

23: Somjen D, Kaye AM, Ofer M, Bleiberg I. The role of non-calcemic analogs of vitamin D in differentiation of cultured rat bone marrow into osteoblast-like cells: age and sex differences. J Endocrinol Invest. 2005 Nov;28(10):910-8. PubMed PMID: 16419494.

24: Mouratidis PX, Dalgleish AG, Colston KW. Investigation of the mechanisms by which EB1089 abrogates apoptosis induced by 9-cis retinoic acid in pancreatic cancer cells. Pancreas. 2006 Jan;32(1):93-100. PubMed PMID: 16340750.

25: Sepulveda VA, Weigel NL, Falzon M. Prostate cancer cell type-specific involvement of the VDR and RXR in regulation of the human PTHrP gene via a negative VDRE. Steroids. 2006 Feb;71(2):102-15. Epub 2005 Oct 21. PubMed PMID: 16243370.

26: Bayes M, Rabasseda X, Prous JR. Gateways to clinical trials. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 2005 Jul-Aug;27(6):411-61. PubMed PMID: 16179960.

27: Milliken EL, Zhang X, Flask C, Duerk JL, MacDonald PN, Keri RA. EB1089, a vitamin D receptor agonist, reduces proliferation and decreases tumor growth rate in a mouse model of hormone-induced mammary cancer. Cancer Lett. 2005 Nov 18;229(2):205-15. Epub 2005 Aug 22. PubMed PMID: 16115727; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1615916.

28: Kaewsakhorn T, Kisseberth WC, Capen CC, Hayes KA, Calverley MJ, Inpanbutr N. Effects of calcitriol, seocalcitol, and medium-chain triglyceride on a canine transitional cell carcinoma cell line. Anticancer Res. 2005 Jul-Aug;25(4):2689-96. PubMed PMID: 16080513.

29: Grove M, Pedersen GP, Nielsen JL, Müllertz A. Bioavailability of seocalcitol I: Relating solubility in biorelevant media with oral bioavailability in rats--effect of medium and long chain triglycerides. J Pharm Sci. 2005 Aug;94(8):1830-8. PubMed PMID: 15986460.

30: Høyer-Hansen M, Bastholm L, Mathiasen IS, Elling F, Jäättelä M. Vitamin D analog EB1089 triggers dramatic lysosomal changes and Beclin 1-mediated autophagic cell death. Cell Death Differ. 2005 Oct;12(10):1297-309. PubMed PMID: 15905882.

31: Liu W, Asa SL, Ezzat S. 1alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 targets PTEN-dependent fibronectin expression to restore thyroid cancer cell adhesiveness. Mol Endocrinol. 2005 Sep;19(9):2349-57. Epub 2005 May 12. PubMed PMID: 15890670.

32: Barnes JD, Arhel NJ, Lee SS, Sharp A, Al-Okail M, Packham G, Hague A, Paraskeva C, Williams AC. Nuclear BAG-1 expression inhibits apoptosis in colorectal adenoma-derived epithelial cells. Apoptosis. 2005 Mar;10(2):301-11. PubMed PMID: 15843891.

33: DeMasters GA, Gupta MS, Jones KR, Cabot M, Wang H, Gennings C, Park M, Bratland A, Ree AH, Gewirtz DA. Potentiation of cell killing by fractionated radiation and suppression of proliferative recovery in MCF-7 breast tumor cells by the Vitamin D3 analog EB 1089. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2004 Dec;92(5):365-74. Epub 2004 Dec 21. PubMed PMID: 15698541.

34: Zhang X, Jiang F, Li P, Li C, Ma Q, Nicosia SV, Bai W. Growth suppression of ovarian cancer xenografts in nude mice by vitamin D analogue EB1089. Clin Cancer Res. 2005 Jan 1;11(1):323-8. PubMed PMID: 15671562.

35: Luo WJ, Chen JY, Xu W, Zhao F, Chen YM, Shen XF. [Effects of vitamin D analogue EB1089 on proliferation and apoptosis of hepatic carcinoma cells.]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2004 Nov;38(6):415-8. Chinese. PubMed PMID: 15569516.

36: Gao X, Butler IS, Kremer R. A near-infrared Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy of epidermal keratinocytes: changes in the protein-DNA structure following malignant transformation. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2005 Jan 1;61(1-2):27-35. PubMed PMID: 15556417.

37: Pálmer HG, Larriba MJ, García JM, Ordóñez-Morán P, Peña C, Peiró S, Puig I, Rodríguez R, de la Fuente R, Bernad A, Pollán M, Bonilla F, Gamallo C, de Herreros AG, Muñoz A. The transcription factor SNAIL represses vitamin D receptor expression and responsiveness in human colon cancer. Nat Med. 2004 Sep;10(9):917-9. Epub 2004 Aug 22. PubMed PMID: 15322538.

38: Bondza-Kibangou P, Millot C, Dufer J, Millot JM. Modifications of cellular autofluorescence emission spectra under oxidative stress induced by 1 alpha,25dihydroxyvitamin D(3) and its analog EB1089. Technol Cancer Res Treat. 2004 Aug;3(4):383-91. PubMed PMID: 15270590.

39: Kissmeyer AM, Nielsen JL, Binderup L. The tissue-specific distribution of 3H-seocalcitol (EB 1089) and 3H-calcitriol in rats. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2004 May;89-90(1-5):43-7. PubMed PMID: 15225745.

40: Luo W, Chen J, Zhang X, Wang W. [Regulatory mechanism of EB1089 for hepatocarcinoma cell proliferation]. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2004 Mar;33(2):140-3. Chinese. PubMed PMID: 15208989.

41: Narayanan R, Allen MR, Gaddy D, Bloomfield SA, Smith CL, Weigel NL. Differential skeletal responses of hindlimb unloaded rats on a vitamin D-deficient diet to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and its analog, seocalcitol (EB1089). Bone. 2004 Jul;35(1):134-43. PubMed PMID: 15207749.

42: Wu-Wong JR, Tian J, Goltzman D. Vitamin D analogs as therapeutic agents: a clinical study update. Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 2004 Mar;5(3):320-6. Review. PubMed PMID: 15083599.

43: Tocchini-Valentini G, Rochel N, Wurtz JM, Moras D. Crystal structures of the vitamin D nuclear receptor liganded with the vitamin D side chain analogues calcipotriol and seocalcitol, receptor agonists of clinical importance. Insights into a structural basis for the switching of calcipotriol to a receptor antagonist by further side chain modification. J Med Chem. 2004 Apr 8;47(8):1956-61. PubMed PMID: 15055995.

44: Christensen GL, Jepsen JS, Fog CK, Christensen IJ, Lykkesfeldt AE. Sequential versus combined treatment of human breast cancer cells with antiestrogens and the vitamin D analogue EB1089 and evaluation of predictive markers for vitamin D treatment. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2004 May;85(1):53-63. PubMed PMID: 15039597.

45: Hager G, Kornfehl J, Knerer B, Weigel G, Formanek M. Molecular analysis of p21 promoter activity isolated from squamous carcinoma cell lines of the head and neck under the influence of 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 and its analogs. Acta Otolaryngol. 2004 Jan;124(1):90-6. PubMed PMID: 14977084.

46: Miettinen S, Ahonen MH, Lou YR, Manninen T, Tuohimaa P, Syvälä H, Ylikomi T. Role of 24-hydroxylase in vitamin D3 growth response of OVCAR-3 ovarian cancer cells. Int J Cancer. 2004 Jan 20;108(3):367-73. PubMed PMID: 14648702.

47: Colston KW, Pirianov G, Bramm E, Hamberg KJ, Binderup L. Effects of Seocalcitol (EB1089) on nitrosomethyl urea-induced rat mammary tumors. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2003 Aug;80(3):303-11. PubMed PMID: 14503802.

48: Jenner RG, Maillard K, Cattini N, Weiss RA, Boshoff C, Wooster R, Kellam P. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-infected primary effusion lymphoma has a plasma cell gene expression profile. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Sep 2;100(18):10399-404. Epub 2003 Aug 18. PubMed PMID: 12925741; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC193573.

49: Dalhoff K, Dancey J, Astrup L, Skovsgaard T, Hamberg KJ, Lofts FJ, Rosmorduc O, Erlinger S, Bach Hansen J, Steward WP, Skov T, Burcharth F, Evans TR. A phase II study of the vitamin D analogue Seocalcitol in patients with inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma. Br J Cancer. 2003 Jul 21;89(2):252-7. PubMed PMID: 12865912; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2394267.

50: Tovar Sepulveda VA, Falzon M. Prostate cancer cell type-specific regulation of the human PTHrP gene via a negative VDRE. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2003 Jun 30;204(1-2):51-64. PubMed PMID: 12850281.

51: Sundaram S, Sea A, Feldman S, Strawbridge R, Hoopes PJ, Demidenko E, Binderup L, Gewirtz DA. The combination of a potent vitamin D3 analog, EB 1089, with ionizing radiation reduces tumor growth and induces apoptosis of MCF-7 breast tumor xenografts in nude mice. Clin Cancer Res. 2003 Jun;9(6):2350-6. PubMed PMID: 12796405.

52: Cardús A, Gallego C, Muray S, Marco MP, Parisi E, Aldea M, Fernández E. [Differential effect of vitamin D analogues on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells]. Nefrologia. 2003;23 Suppl 2:117-21. Spanish. PubMed PMID: 12778867.

53: Flanagan L, Packman K, Juba B, O'Neill S, Tenniswood M, Welsh J. Efficacy of Vitamin D compounds to modulate estrogen receptor negative breast cancer growth and invasion. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2003 Feb;84(2-3):181-92. PubMed PMID: 12711002.

54: Bayés M, Rabasseda X, Prous JR. Gateways to clinical trials. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 2003 Jan-Feb;25(1):53-76. PubMed PMID: 12690708.

55: Sahpazidou D, Stravoravdi P, Toliou T, Geromichalos G, Zafiriou G, Natsis K, Gigis P. Significant experimental decrease of the hepatocellular carcinoma incidence in C3H/Sy mice after long-term administration of EB1089, a vitamin D analogue. Oncol Res. 2003;13(5):261-8. PubMed PMID: 12688677.

56: Albrechtsson E, Jonsson T, Möller S, Höglund M, Ohlsson B, Axelson J. Vitamin D receptor is expressed in pancreatic cancer cells and a vitamin D3 analogue decreases cell number. Pancreatology. 2003;3(1):41-6. PubMed PMID: 12649563.

57: Zinser GM, McEleney K, Welsh J. Characterization of mammary tumor cell lines from wild type and vitamin D3 receptor knockout mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2003 Feb 28;200(1-2):67-80. PubMed PMID: 12644300.

58: Lin R, Wang TT, Miller WH Jr, White JH. Inhibition of F-Box protein p45(SKP2) expression and stabilization of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(KIP1) in vitamin D analog-treated cancer cells. Endocrinology. 2003 Mar;144(3):749-53. PubMed PMID: 12586749.

59: Pepper C, Thomas A, Hoy T, Milligan D, Bentley P, Fegan C. The vitamin D3 analog EB1089 induces apoptosis via a p53-independent mechanism involving p38 MAP kinase activation and suppression of ERK activity in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells in vitro. Blood. 2003 Apr 1;101(7):2454-60. Epub 2002 Nov 21. PubMed PMID: 12446453.

60: Heine G, Anton K, Henz BM, Worm M. 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits anti-CD40 plus IL-4-mediated IgE production in vitro. Eur J Immunol. 2002 Dec;32(12):3395-404. PubMed PMID: 12432570.

61: Liu W, Asa SL, Ezzat S. Vitamin D and its analog EB1089 induce p27 accumulation and diminish association of p27 with Skp2 independent of PTEN in pituitary corticotroph cells. Brain Pathol. 2002 Oct;12(4):412-9. PubMed PMID: 12408227.

62: Peehl DM, Seto E, Hsu JY, Feldman D. Preclinical activity of ketoconazole in combination with calcitriol or the vitamin D analogue EB 1089 in prostate cancer cells. J Urol. 2002 Oct;168(4 Pt 1):1583-8. PubMed PMID: 12352462.

63: Narayanan R, Smith CL, Weigel NL. Vector-averaged gravity-induced changes in cell signaling and vitamin D receptor activity in MG-63 cells are reversed by a 1,25-(OH)2D3 analog, EB1089. Bone. 2002 Sep;31(3):381-8. PubMed PMID: 12231410.

64: Oades GM, Dredge K, Kirby RS, Colston KW. Vitamin D receptor-dependent antitumour effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and two synthetic analogues in three in vivo models of prostate cancer. BJU Int. 2002 Oct;90(6):607-16. PubMed PMID: 12230626.

65: Stio M, Celli A, Treves C. Synergistic effect of vitamin D derivatives and retinoids on C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. IUBMB Life. 2002 Mar;53(3):175-81. PubMed PMID: 12102174.

66: Mathiasen IS, Sergeev IN, Bastholm L, Elling F, Norman AW, Jäättelä M. Calcium and calpain as key mediators of apoptosis-like death induced by vitamin D compounds in breast cancer cells. J Biol Chem. 2002 Aug 23;277(34):30738-45. Epub 2002 Jun 18. PubMed PMID: 12072431.

67: Perez-Stable CM, Schwartz GG, Farinas A, Finegold M, Binderup L, Howard GA, Roos BA. The G gamma / T-15 transgenic mouse model of androgen-independent prostate cancer: target cells of carcinogenesis and the effect of the vitamin D analogue EB 1089. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2002 Jun;11(6):555-63. PubMed PMID: 12050097.

68: Lin R, Nagai Y, Sladek R, Bastien Y, Ho J, Petrecca K, Sotiropoulou G, Diamandis EP, Hudson TJ, White JH. Expression profiling in squamous carcinoma cells reveals pleiotropic effects of vitamin D3 analog EB1089 signaling on cell proliferation, differentiation, and immune system regulation. Mol Endocrinol. 2002 Jun;16(6):1243-56. PubMed PMID: 12040012.

69: Kunakornsawat S, Rosol TJ, Capen CC, Reddy GS, Binderup L, Inpanbutr N. Effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] and its analogues (EB1089 and analog V) on canine adenocarcinoma (CAC-8) in nude mice. Biol Pharm Bull. 2002 May;25(5):642-7. PubMed PMID: 12033506.

70: Stio M, Treves C, Celli A, Tarantino O, d'Albasio G, Bonanomi AG. Synergistic inhibitory effect of cyclosporin A and vitamin D derivatives on T-lymphocyte proliferation in active ulcerative colitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2002 Mar;97(3):679-89. PubMed PMID: 11922564.

71: Evans TR, Colston KW, Lofts FJ, Cunningham D, Anthoney DA, Gogas H, de Bono JS, Hamberg KJ, Skov T, Mansi JL. A phase II trial of the vitamin D analogue Seocalcitol (EB1089) in patients with inoperable pancreatic cancer. Br J Cancer. 2002 Mar 4;86(5):680-5. PubMed PMID: 11875725; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2375305.

72: Kunakornsawat S, Rosol TJ, Capen CC, Middleton RP, Hannah SS, Inpanbutr N. Effects of 1,25(OH)2D3, EB1089, and analog V on PTHrP production, PTHrP mRNA expression and cell growth in SCC 2/88. Anticancer Res. 2001 Sep-Oct;21(5):3355-63. PubMed PMID: 11848494.

73: Park WH, Seol JG, Kim ES, Binderup L, Koeffler HP, Kim BK, Lee YY. The induction of apoptosis by a combined 1,25(OH)2D3 analog, EB1089 and TGF-beta1 in NCI-H929 multiple myeloma cells. Int J Oncol. 2002 Mar;20(3):533-42. PubMed PMID: 11836565.

74: Kissmeyer AM, Sonne K. Sensitive analysis of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in biological fluids by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A. 2001 Nov 23;935(1-2):93-103. PubMed PMID: 11762789.

75: Posner GH, Crawford KR, Peleg S, Welsh JE, Romu S, Gewirtz DA, Gupta MS, Dolan P, Kensler TW. A non-calcemic sulfone version of the vitamin D(3) analogue seocalcitol (EB 1089): chemical synthesis, biological evaluation and potency enhancement of the anticancer drug adriamycin. Bioorg Med Chem. 2001 Sep;9(9):2365-71. PubMed PMID: 11553477.

76: Hansen CM, Rohde L, Madsen MW, Hansen D, Colston KW, Pirianov G, Holm PK, Binderup L. MCF-7/VD(R): a new vitamin D resistant cell line. J Cell Biochem. 2001;82(3):422-36. PubMed PMID: 11500919.

77: Yang L, Yang J, Venkateswarlu S, Ko T, Brattain MG. Autocrine TGFbeta signaling mediates vitamin D3 analog-induced growth inhibition in breast cells. J Cell Physiol. 2001 Sep;188(3):383-93. PubMed PMID: 11473365.

78: Pálmer HG, González-Sancho JM, Espada J, Berciano MT, Puig I, Baulida J, Quintanilla M, Cano A, de Herreros AG, Lafarga M, Muñoz A. Vitamin D(3) promotes the differentiation of colon carcinoma cells by the induction of E-cadherin and the inhibition of beta-catenin signaling. J Cell Biol. 2001 Jul 23;154(2):369-87. PubMed PMID: 11470825; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2150773.

79: Akhter J, Lu Y, Finlay I, Pourgholami MH, Morris DL. 1alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and its analogues, EB1089 and CB1093, profoundly inhibit the in vitro proliferation of the human hepatoblastoma cell line HepG2. ANZ J Surg. 2001 Jul;71(7):414-7. PubMed PMID: 11450917.

80: Hansen CM, Binderup L, Hamberg KJ, Carlberg C. Vitamin D and cancer: effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 and its analogs on growth control and tumorigenesis. Front Biosci. 2001 Jul 1;6:D820-48. Review. PubMed PMID: 11438443.

81: Akutsu N, Lin R, Bastien Y, Bestawros A, Enepekides DJ, Black MJ, White JH. Regulation of gene Expression by 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and Its analog EB1089 under growth-inhibitory conditions in squamous carcinoma Cells. Mol Endocrinol. 2001 Jul;15(7):1127-39. PubMed PMID: 11435613.

82: Schwartz GG, Lokeshwar BL, Burnstein KL. Correspondence re: S. E. Blutt, T. C. Polek, L. V. Stewart, M. W. Kattan, and N. L. Weigel, A calcitriol analogue, EB1089, inhibits the growth of LNCaP tumors in nude mice. Cancer Res., 60: 779-782, 2000. Cancer Res. 2001 May 15;61(10):4294. PubMed PMID: 11358859.

83: Prudencio J, Akutsu N, Benlimame N, Wang T, Bastien Y, Lin R, Black MJ, Alaoui-Jamali MA, White JH. Action of low calcemic 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 analogue EB1089 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2001 May 16;93(10):745-53. PubMed PMID: 11353784.

84: Blaehr LK, Björkling F, Binderup E, Calverley MJ, Kaastrup P. Polyclonal antibodies to EB1089 (seocalcitol), an analog of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)*. Steroids. 2001 Jul;66(7):539-48. PubMed PMID: 11322962.

85: Gewirtz DA, Sundaram S, Magnet KJ. Influence of topoisomerase II inhibitors and ionizing radiation on growth arrest and cell death pathways in the breast tumor cell. Cell Biochem Biophys. 2000;33(1):19-31. Review. PubMed PMID: 11322510.

86: Akutsu N, Bastien Y, Lin R, Mader S, White JH. Amphiregulin is a vitamin D3 target gene in squamous cell and breast carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001 Mar 9;281(4):1051-6. PubMed PMID: 11237771.

87: Larsen SS, Heiberg I, Lykkesfeldt AE. Anti-oestrogen resistant human breast cancer cell lines are more sensitive towards treatment with the vitamin D analogue EB1089 than parent MCF-7 cells. Br J Cancer. 2001 Mar 2;84(5):686-90. PubMed PMID: 11237391; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2363804.

88: Weiskopf AS, Vouros P, Cunniff J, Binderup E, Björkling F, Binderup L, White MC, Posner GH. Examination of structurally selective derivatization of vitamin D(3) analogues by electrospray mass spectrometry. J Mass Spectrom. 2001 Jan;36(1):71-8. PubMed PMID: 11180648.

89: Stio M, Bonanomi AG, d'Albasio G, Treves C. Suppressive effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and its analogues EB 1089 and KH 1060 on T lymphocyte proliferation in active ulcerative colitis. Biochem Pharmacol. 2001 Feb 1;61(3):365-71. PubMed PMID: 11172742.

90: Sundaram S, Chaudhry M, Reardon D, Gupta M, Gewirtz DA. The vitamin D3 analog EB 1089 enhances the antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of adriamycin in MCF-7 breast tumor cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2000 Sep;63(1):1-10. PubMed PMID: 11079153.

91: Kissmeyer AM, Mortensen JT. Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of a vitamin D analogue (Seocalcitol) in rat and minipig. Xenobiotica. 2000 Aug;30(8):815-30. PubMed PMID: 11037113.

92: El Abdaimi K, Papavasiliou V, Goltzman D, Kremer R. Expression and regulation of parathyroid hormone-related peptide in normal and malignant melanocytes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2000 Oct;279(4):C1230-8. PubMed PMID: 11003603.

93: El Abdaimi K, Dion N, Papavasiliou V, Cardinal PE, Binderup L, Goltzman D, Ste-Marie LG, Kremer R. The vitamin D analogue EB 1089 prevents skeletal metastasis and prolongs survival time in nude mice transplanted with human breast cancer cells. Cancer Res. 2000 Aug 15;60(16):4412-8. PubMed PMID: 10969786.

94: Pettersson F, Colston KW, Dalgleish AG. Differential and antagonistic effects of 9-cis-retinoic acid and vitamin D analogues on pancreatic cancer cells in vitro. Br J Cancer. 2000 Jul;83(2):239-45. PubMed PMID: 10901377; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2363480.

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