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Lucanthone

Description of Lucanthone: Lucanthone is a thioxanthenone DNA intercalator used in the 1980s as antitumor agents. Lucanthone is in Phase I clinical trial. Its potential mechanism of action includes DNA intercalation, inhibition of nucleic acid biosyntheses, and inhibition of enzymes like topoisomerases and the dual function base excision repair enzyme apurinic endonuclease 1 (APE1). Lucanthone inhibits the endonuclease activity of APE1, without affecting its redox activity.  (source: PLoS One. 2011;6(9):e23679.)

Current developer:  Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Lucanthone is an orally administered small-molecule which inhibits Topoisomerase II and AP endonuclease. In preclinical tests, lucanthone was shown to enhance the sensitivity of animals to an anticancer agent in a time dependent and reversible manner. Lucanthone has structural and biochemical similarities to Actinomycin D but has no hematological or GI toxicity at clinically tolerated doses. More recent research shows that lucanthone sensitizes tumor cells to radiation and chemotherapy by inhibiting DNA repair (AP endonuclease). Lucanthone is currently in clinical development for the treatment of brain tumors.

According to Spectrum Pharmaceuticals's website, Lucanthone inhibits Topoisomerase II and interferes with the repair of DNA damage that is caused by radiation and chemotherapy. Specificity of lucanthone in combination with radiation or chemotherapy for the treatment of brain tumors arises from the fact that lucanthone acts preferentially on cycling cells (most of the normal brain cells are non-cycling) and the fact that lucanthone crosses the blood brain barrier efficiently

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