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MedKoo product information:
Glufosfamide
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MedKoo Code#: 201420
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Name: Glufosfamide
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CAS#: 132682-98-5
Synonym:
Glufosfamide, glc-IPM, D-19575.
IUPAC/Chemical name:
N,N'-Bis(2-chloroethyl)phosphorodiamidic acid beta-D-glucopyranosyl
ester
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Chemical structure |
Theoretical analysis
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Chemical Formula: C10H21Cl2N2O7P
Exact Mass: 382.04634
Molecular Weight: 383.16
m/z: 382.04634 (100.0%), 384.04339 (63.9%),
383.04970 (10.8%), 386.04044 (10.2%), 385.04675 (6.9%),
384.05059 (1.4%), 387.04380 (1.1%)
Elemental Analysis: C, 31.35; H, 5.52; Cl,
18.51; N, 7.31; O, 29.23; P, 8.08
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Availability and price:
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Information about this agent
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Glufosfamide combines the active part of ifosfamide,
a member of a widely used class of chemotherapy drugs known as "alkylators,"
with a glucose molecule. Because of its glucose component and a tumor
cell's increased need for glucose, glufosfamide may be preferentially
transported into tumors compared to most normal tissues. Inside cells,
the linkage between glucose and the alkylator is cleaved to release the
active drug.
According to
news published in 27 Feb 2007, Threshold Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Nasdaq:
THLD), today announced that a Phase 3 trial of glufosfamide did not show
a statistically significant improvement in overall survival compared to
best supportive care (BSC) in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer
who had relapsed after gemcitabine chemotherapy. While the overall
survival in patients in the glufosfamide arm was 18% higher compared to
those who received best supportive care alone, the result was not
statistically significant. see:
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/63968.php.
Current developer:
Baxter Oncology (Originator). Threshold Pharmaceuticals.
1: Mazur L, Opydo-Chanek M, Stojak M, Baran J,
Niemeyer U. Induction of DNA breakage in U937 cells by oxazaphosphorines.
Folia Biol (Krakow). 2010;58(1-2):15-20. PubMed PMID: 20420190.
2: Chiorean EG, Dragovich T, Hamm J, Barrios CH, Gorini CF, Langmuir VK,
Kroll S, Jung DT, Tidmarsh GT, Loehrer PJ. A phase 2 trial of
glufosfamide in combination with gemcitabine in chemotherapy-naive
pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Am J Clin Oncol. 2010 Apr;33(2):111-6. PubMed
PMID: 19687729.
3: Arafa HM. Possible contribution of beta-glucosidase and caspases in
the cytotoxicity of glufosfamide in colon cancer cells. Eur J Pharmacol.
2009 Aug 15;616(1-3):58-63. Epub 2009 Jun 21. PubMed PMID: 19545561.
4: Shimizu T, Okamoto I, Tamura K, Satoh T, Miyazaki M, Akashi Y, Ozaki
T, Fukuoka M, Nakagawa K. Phase I clinical and pharmacokinetic study of
the glucose-conjugated cytotoxic agent D: -19575 (glufosfamide) in
patients with solid tumors. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2009 May 29. [Epub
ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 19479254.
5: Tomillero A, Moral MA. Gateways to clinical trials. Methods Find Exp
Clin Pharmacol. 2009 Mar;31(2):107-46. PubMed PMID: 19455266.
6: Ciuleanu TE, Pavlovsky AV, Bodoky G, Garin AM, Langmuir VK, Kroll S,
Tidmarsh GT. A randomised Phase III trial of glufosfamide compared with
best supportive care in metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma previously
treated with gemcitabine. Eur J Cancer. 2009 Jun;45(9):1589-96. Epub
2009 Jan 31. PubMed PMID: 19188061.
7: Tomillero A, Moral MA. Gateways to clinical trials. Methods Find Exp
Clin Pharmacol. 2008 Sep;30(7):543-88. PubMed PMID: 18985183.
8: Anderson P, Aguilera D, Pearson M, Woo S. Outpatient chemotherapy
plus radiotherapy in sarcomas: improving cancer control with
radiosensitizing agents. Cancer Control. 2008 Jan;15(1):38-46. Review.
PubMed PMID: 18094659.
9: Ammons WS, Wang JW, Yang Z, Tidmarsh GF, Hoffman RM. A novel
alkylating agent, glufosfamide, enhances the activity of gemcitabine in
vitro and in vivo. Neoplasia. 2007 Aug;9(8):625-33. PubMed PMID:
17786181; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1950432.
10: Chiorean EG, Dragovich T, Hamm J, Langmuir VK, Kroll S, Jung DT,
Colowick AB, Tidmarsh GF, Loehrer PJ. A Phase 1 dose-escalation trial of
glufosfamide in combination with gemcitabine in solid tumors including
pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2008
May;61(6):1019-26. Epub 2007 Jul 28. PubMed PMID: 17661038.
11: Liang J, Huang M, Duan W, Yu XQ, Zhou S. Design of new
oxazaphosphorine anticancer drugs. Curr Pharm Des. 2007;13(9):963-78.
Review. PubMed PMID: 17430192.
12: Sun YM, Chen XY, Zhong DF. [Identification of glufosfamide
metabolites in rats]. Yao Xue Xue Bao. 2006 Jun;41(6):513-7. Chinese.
PubMed PMID: 16927824.
13: Holzgrabe U. [Perfect drug targeting. Glufosfamide a new
derivative]. Pharm Unserer Zeit. 2006;35(2):158-9. German. PubMed PMID:
16583570.
14: Sun Y, Chen X, Xu H, Guan Z, Zhong D. Stability of glufosfamide in
phosphate buffers and in biological samples. J Chromatogr B Analyt
Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2006 Mar 7;832(2):224-30. Epub 2006 Feb 7.
PubMed PMID: 16455312.
15: Zhang J, Tian Q, Yung Chan S, Chuen Li S, Zhou S, Duan W, Zhu YZ.
Metabolism and transport of oxazaphosphorines and the clinical
implications. Drug Metab Rev. 2005;37(4):611-703. Review. PubMed PMID:
16393888.
16: Zhang J, Tian Q, Chan SY, Duan W, Zhou S. Insights into
oxazaphosphorine resistance and possible approaches to its
circumvention. Drug Resist Updat. 2005 Oct;8(5):271-97. Epub 2005 Sep 9.
Review. PubMed PMID: 16154799.
17: Chen X, Sun Y, Cao X, Jin F, Zhong D. Determination of glufosfamide
in rat plasma by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid
Commun Mass Spectrom. 2005;19(13):1839-43. PubMed PMID: 15945026.
18: Glufosfamide: beta-D-Glc-IPM, D 19575. Drugs R D. 2005;6(1):49-52.
Review. PubMed PMID: 15801867.
19: Dollner R, Dietz A, Kopun M, Helbig M, Wallner F, Granzow C. Ex vivo
responsiveness of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma to glufosfamide,
a novel alkylating agent. Anticancer Res. 2004 Sep-Oct;24(5A):2947-51.
PubMed PMID: 15517901.
20: Bayés M, Rabasseda X, Prous JR. Gateways to clinical trials. Methods
Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 2004 Apr;26(3):211-44. PubMed PMID: 15148527.
21: Giaccone G, Smit EF, de Jonge M, Dansin E, Briasoulis E, Ardizzoni
A, Douillard JY, Spaeth D, Lacombe D, Baron B, Bachmann P, Fumoleau P;
EORTC-New Drug Development Group. Glufosfamide administered by 1-hour
infusion as a second-line treatment for advanced non-small cell lung
cancer; a phase II trial of the EORTC-New Drug Development Group. Eur J
Cancer. 2004 Mar;40(5):667-72. PubMed PMID: 15010066.
22: van den Bent MJ, Grisold W, Frappaz D, Stupp R, Desir JP, Lesimple
T, Dittrich C, de Jonge MJ, Brandes A, Frenay M, Carpentier AF, Chollet
P, Oliveira J, Baron B, Lacombe D, Schuessler M, Fumoleau P; European
Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer New Drug Development
Group; European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Brain
Tumor Group. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer
(EORTC) open label phase II study on glufosfamide administered as a
60-minute infusion every 3 weeks in recurrent glioblastoma multiforme.
Ann Oncol. 2003 Dec;14(12):1732-4. PubMed PMID: 14630677.
23: Briasoulis E, Pavlidis N, Terret C, Bauer J, Fiedler W, Schöffski P,
Raoul JL, Hess D, Selvais R, Lacombe D, Bachmann P, Fumoleau P.
Glufosfamide administered using a 1-hour infusion given as first-line
treatment for advanced pancreatic cancer. A phase II trial of the
EORTC-new drug development group. Eur J Cancer. 2003 Nov;39(16):2334-40.
PubMed PMID: 14556925.
24: Bayes M, Rabasseda X, Prous JR. Gateways to clinical trials. Methods
Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 2003 Jun;25(5):387-408. PubMed PMID: 12851663.
25: Niculescu-Duvaz I. Glufosfamide (Baxter Oncology). Curr Opin
Investig Drugs. 2002 Oct;3(10):1527-32. Review. PubMed PMID: 12431031.
26: Styczyński J, Wysocki M, Debski R, Balwierz W, Rokicka-Milewska R,
Matysiak M, Balcerska A, Kowalczyk J, Wachowiak J, Sońta-Jakimczyk D,
Chybicka A. In vitro activity of oxazaphosphorines in childhood acute
leukemia: preliminary report. Acta Biochim Pol. 2002;49(1):221-5. PubMed
PMID: 12136944.
27: Styczynski J, Wysocki M, Kurylak A, Juraszewska E, Malinowska I,
Stanczak E, Płoszynska A, Stefaniak J, Mazur B, Szczepanski T, Ras M. In
vitro activity of glufosfamide in childhood acute leukemia. Anticancer
Res. 2002 Jan-Feb;22(1A):247-50. PubMed PMID: 12017297.
28: Becker R, Ritter A, Eichhorn U, Lips J, Bertram B, Wiessler M,
Zdzienicka MZ, Kaina B. Induction of DNA breaks and apoptosis in
crosslink-hypersensitive V79 cells by the cytostatic drug beta-D-glucosyl-ifosfamide
mustard. Br J Cancer. 2002 Jan 7;86(1):130-5. PubMed PMID: 11857024;
PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2746532.
29: Brock N, Pohl J. [In Process Citation]. Arzneimittelforschung. 2000
Oct;50(10):946-53. German. PubMed PMID: 11105239.
30: Briasoulis E, Judson I, Pavlidis N, Beale P, Wanders J, Groot Y,
Veerman G, Schuessler M, Niebch G, Siamopoulos K, Tzamakou E, Rammou D,
Wolf L, Walker R, Hanauske A. Phase I trial of 6-hour infusion of
glufosfamide, a new alkylating agent with potentially enhanced
selectivity for tumors that overexpress transmembrane glucose
transporters: a study of the European Organization for Research and
Treatment of Cancer Early Clinical Studies Group. J Clin Oncol. 2000 Oct
15;18(20):3535-44. PubMed PMID: 11032596.
31: Kümmerer K, al-Ahmad A, Bertram B, Wiessler M. Biodegradability of
antineoplastic compounds in screening tests: influence of glucosidation
and of stereochemistry. Chemosphere. 2000 Apr;40(7):767-73. PubMed PMID:
10705555.
32: Seker H, Bertram B, Bürkle A, Kaina B, Pohl J, Koepsell H, Wiesser
M. Mechanistic aspects of the cytotoxic activity of glufosfamide, a new
tumour therapeutic agent. Br J Cancer. 2000 Feb;82(3):629-34. PubMed
PMID: 10682676; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2363326.
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