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MedKoo product information:

 

 Pemetrexed Disodium

  

Description of pemetrexed disodium: Pemtrexed disodium is the disodium salt of a synthetic pyrimidine-based antifolate. Pemetrexed binds to and inhibits the enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS) which catalyses the methylation of 2'-deoxyuridine-5'-monophosphate (dUMP) to 2'-deoxythymidine-5'-monophosphate (dTMP), an essential precursor in DNA synthesis. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus).

   

MedKoo Code#:  100710

Name:  Pemetrexed Disodium

CAS#:  150399-23-8 (Pemetrexed Disodium); 357166-29-1 (Pemetrexed Disodium heptahydrate)

 

Synonym:  US brand name: ALIMTA. Abbreviation: MTA. Code name: LY231514.

  

IUPAC/Chemical name:

sodium (S)-2-(4-(2-(2-amino-4-oxo-4,7-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl)benzamido)pentanedioate heptahydrate

  

Chemical structure:

Theoretical analysis :

 

 

Pemetrexed (free acid)

Chemical Formula: C20H21N5O6

Exact Mass: 427.14918
Elemental Analysis: C, 56.20; H, 4.95; N, 16.39; O, 22.46

  

Pemetrexed Disodium

Chemical Formula: C20H19N5Na2O6

Molecular Weight: 471.37

 Elemental Analysis: C, 50.96; H, 4.06; N, 14.86; Na, 9.75; O, 20.37

 

Pemetrexed Disodium heptahydrate

Chemical Formula: C20H33N5Na2O13

Molecular Weight: 597.48

 Elemental Analysis: C, 40.20; H, 5.57; N, 11.72; Na, 7.70; O, 34.81

  

 

Availability and price:

  

Pemetrexed disodium heptahydrate (99%) is in stock.

100 mg / $190.00

500mg / $350.00

1 g $480.00

   

For questions and orders, please send email to sales@medkoo.com  to describe your needs. A representative will respond your email shortly. We offer big discount for orders of bulk quantities. 

 

Quality control data:

Product will be shipped with supporting analytical data.

 

 

Information about this agent

Pemetrexed disodium heptahydrate has the chemical name L-Glutamic acid, N-[4-[2-(2-amino-4,7-dihydro-4-oxo-1H pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]benzoyl]-, disodium salt, heptahydrate. It is a white to almost-white solid with a molecular formula of C20H19N5Na2O6•7H2O and a molecular weight of 597.49. ALIMTA is supplied as a sterile lyophilized powder for intravenous infusion available in single-dose vials. The product is a white to either light yellow or green-yellow lyophilized solid. Each 100-mg or 500-mg vial of ALIMTA contains pemetrexed disodium equivalent to 100 mg pemetrexed and 106 mg mannitol or 500 mg pemetrexed and 500 mg mannitol, respectively. Hydrochloric acid and/or sodium hydroxide may have been added to adjust pH.

 

ALIMTA, pemetrexed for injection, is a folate analog metabolic inhibitor that exerts its action by disrupting folate-dependent metabolic processes essential for cell replication. In vitro studies have shown that pemetrexed inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT), which are folate-dependent enzymes involved in the de novo biosynthesis of thymidine and purine nucleotides. Pemetrexed is taken into cells by membrane carriers such as the reduced folate carrier and membrane folate binding protein transport systems. Once in the cell, pemetrexed is converted to polyglutamate forms by the enzyme folylpolyglutamate synthetase. The polyglutamate forms are retained in cells and are inhibitors of TS and GARFT. Polyglutamation is a time- and concentration-dependent process that occurs in tumor cells and, is thought to occur to a lesser extent, in normal tissues. Polyglutamated metabolites are thought to have an increased intracellular half-life resulting in prolonged drug action in malignant cells.

 

According to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemetrexed: the molecular structure of pemetrexed was developed by Edward C. Taylor at Princeton University and clinically developed by Indianapolis based drug maker, Eli Lilly and Company in 2004. In February 2004, the Food and Drug Administration approved pemetrexed for treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, a type of tumor of the lining of the lung, in combination with cisplatin. In September 2008, the FDA granted approval as a first-line treatment, in combination with cisplatin, against of locally-advanced and metastatic non-small cell lung cancer, or NSCLC, in patients with non-squamous histology. A Phase III study showed benefits of maintenance use of pemetrexed for non-squamous NSCLC. Trials are currently testing it against esophagus and other cancers.

References

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157: Jalal S, Waterhouse D, Edelman MJ, Nattam S, Ansari R, Koneru K, Clark R, Richards A, Wu J, Yu M, Bottema B, White A, Hanna N. Pemetrexed plus cetuximab in patients with recurrent non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): a phase I/II study from the Hoosier Oncology Group. J Thorac Oncol. 2009 Nov;4(11):1420-4. PubMed PMID: 19701110.

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161: Rivera E. Management of metastatic breast cancer: monotherapy options for patients resistant to anthracyclines and taxanes. Am J Clin Oncol. 2010 Apr;33(2):176-85. Review. PubMed PMID: 19675449.

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168: Mok TS, Ramalingam SS. Maintenance therapy in nonsmall-cell lung cancer: a new treatment paradigm. Cancer. 2009 Nov 15;115(22):5143-54. Review. PubMed PMID: 19658185.

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506: Wilson RH. Novel therapeutic developments other than EGFR and VEGF inhibition in colorectal cancer. Oncologist. 2006 Oct;11(9):1018-24. Review. PubMed PMID: 17030644.

507: Vootukuru V, Liew YP, Nally JV Jr. Pemetrexed-induced acute renal failure, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, and renal tubular acidosis in a patient with non-small cell lung cancer. Med Oncol. 2006;23(3):419-22. PubMed PMID: 17018900.

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509: Aelony Y. Raltitrexed and pemetrexed studies in mesothelioma have not shown improved quality of life nor prolonged survival compared with effective pleurodesis with thoracoscopic talc poudrage. J Clin Oncol. 2006 Oct 1;24(28):4667; author reply 4667-8. PubMed PMID: 17008709.

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515: Nakagawa K, Kudoh S, Matsui K, Negoro S, Yamamoto N, Latz JE, Adachi S, Fukuoka M. A phase I study of pemetrexed (LY231514) supplemented with folate and vitamin B12 in Japanese patients with solid tumours. Br J Cancer. 2006 Sep 18;95(6):677-82. Epub 2006 Aug 29. PubMed PMID: 16940981; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2360511.

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521: Mey V, Giovannetti E, De Braud F, Nannizzi S, Curigliano G, Verweij F, De Cobelli O, Pece S, Del Tacca M, Danesi R. In vitro synergistic cytotoxicity of gemcitabine and pemetrexed and pharmacogenetic evaluation of response to gemcitabine in bladder cancer patients. Br J Cancer. 2006 Aug 7;95(3):289-97. Epub 2006 Jul 25. PubMed PMID: 16868547; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2360654.

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527: Zhang Y, Trissel LA. Physical instability of frozen pemetrexed solutions in PVC bags. Ann Pharmacother. 2006 Jul-Aug;40(7-8):1289-92. Epub 2006 Jul 5. PubMed PMID: 16822897.

528: Wang H, Rayburn ER, Wang W, Kandimalla ER, Agrawal S, Zhang R. Chemotherapy and chemosensitization of non-small cell lung cancer with a novel immunomodulatory oligonucleotide targeting Toll-like receptor 9. Mol Cancer Ther. 2006 Jun;5(6):1585-92. PubMed PMID: 16818518.

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530: Brandes JC, Grossman SA, Ahmad H. Alteration of pemetrexed excretion in the presence of acute renal failure and effusions: presentation of a case and review of the literature. Cancer Invest. 2006 Apr-May;24(3):283-7. PubMed PMID: 16809156.

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549: Chow WA, Bedell V, Gaytan P, Borden E, Goldblum J, Hicks D, Slovak ML. Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase gene deletions are frequently detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization in conventional chondrosarcomas. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 2006 Apr 15;166(2):95-100. PubMed PMID: 16631464.

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562: Miller VA. Optimizing therapy in previously treated non-small cell lung cancer. Semin Oncol. 2006 Feb;33(1 Suppl 1):S25-31. Review. PubMed PMID: 16472706.

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564: Cullen M. Second-line treatment options in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: current status. Semin Oncol. 2006 Feb;33(1 Suppl 1):S3-8. Review. PubMed PMID: 16472703.

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573: Walling J. From methotrexate to pemetrexed and beyond. A review of the pharmacodynamic and clinical properties of antifolates. Invest New Drugs. 2006 Jan;24(1):37-77. Review. PubMed PMID: 16380836.

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575: Oberschmidt O, Eismann U, Schulz L, Struck S, Blatter J, Lahn MM, Ma D, Hanauske AR. Enzastaurin and pemetrexed exert synergistic antitumor activity in thyroid cancer cell lines in vitro. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2005 Dec;43(12):603-4. PubMed PMID: 16372535.

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612: Richards DA. Chemotherapeutic gemcitabine doublets in pancreatic carcinoma. Semin Oncol. 2005 Aug;32(4 Suppl 6):S9-13. Review. PubMed PMID: 16143162.

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618: Kerr C. Pemetrexed combination improves mesothelioma survival. Lancet Oncol. 2005 Aug;6(8):548. PubMed PMID: 16094758.

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620: Perry WL 3rd, Shepard RL, Sampath J, Yaden B, Chin WW, Iversen PW, Jin S, Lesoon A, O'Brien KA, Peek VL, Rolfe M, Shyjan A, Tighe M, Williamson M, Krishnan V, Moore RE, Dantzig AH. Human splicing factor SPF45 (RBM17) confers broad multidrug resistance to anticancer drugs when overexpressed--a phenotype partially reversed by selective estrogen receptor modulators. Cancer Res. 2005 Aug 1;65(15):6593-600. PubMed PMID: 16061639.

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633: Gibbs D, Jackman A. Pemetrexed disodium. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2005 May;Suppl:S16-7. Review. PubMed PMID: 15962527.

634: Kim JH, Lee KW, Jung Y, Kim TY, Ham HS, Jong HS, Jung KH, Im SA, Kim TY, Kim NK, Bang YJ. Cytotoxic effects of pemetrexed in gastric cancer cells. Cancer Sci. 2005 Jun;96(6):365-71. PubMed PMID: 15958060.

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636: Flores RM. Induction chemotherapy, extrapleural pneumonectomy, and radiotherapy in the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma: the Memorial Sloan-Kettering experience. Lung Cancer. 2005 Jul;49 Suppl 1:S71-4. Epub 2005 Apr 7. PubMed PMID: 15950805.

637: Favaretto A. Overview on ongoing or planned clinical trials in Europe. Lung Cancer. 2005 Jul;49 Suppl 1:S117-21. Epub 2005 Apr 9. Review. PubMed PMID: 15950791.

638: Besse B, Soria JC, Le Chevalier T. Front-line doublets in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: The golden age for second line chemotherapy. Ann Oncol. 2005 Jul;16(7):997-8. Epub 2005 Jun 9. PubMed PMID: 15946975.

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640: Bennett R, Maskell N. Management of malignant pleural effusions. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2005 Jul;11(4):296-300. Review. PubMed PMID: 15928495.

641: Clarke SJ, Boyer MJ, Millward M, Underhill C, Moylan E, Yip D, White S, Childs A, Beale P, Latz J, Suri A, Iglesias JL. A phase I/II study of pemetrexed and vinorelbine in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer. 2005 Sep;49(3):401-12. PubMed PMID: 15923057.

642: Ris HB. Photodynamic therapy as an adjunct to surgery for malignant pleural mesothelioma. Lung Cancer. 2005 Jul;49 Suppl 1:S65-8. Review. PubMed PMID: 15916831.

643: [Multi-target tumor therapy]. Krankenpfl J. 2005;43(1-3):38-9. German. PubMed PMID: 15912831.

644: Serke M, Loddenkemper R. [Therapeutic options in malignant pleural mesothelioma]. Pneumologie. 2005 May;59(5):337-48. Review. German. PubMed PMID: 15902599.

645: Reck M, Gatzemeier U. Pemetrexed-cisplatin combination in mesothelioma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2005 Apr;5(2):231-7. Review. PubMed PMID: 15877521.

646: Bergqvist M, Henriksson R, Brattström D. Novel agents in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer: implications for neoadjuvant chemotherapy? In Vivo. 2005 May-Jun;19(3):523-33. Review. PubMed PMID: 15875771.

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648: Friberg G, Kindler HL. Chemotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer: past, present, and future. Curr Oncol Rep. 2005 May;7(3):186-95. Review. PubMed PMID: 15847709.

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651: Bayés M, Rabasseda X, Prous JR. Gateways to clinical trials. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 2005 Apr;27(3):193-219. PubMed PMID: 15834452.

652: Manegold C, Symanowski J, Gatzemeier U, Reck M, von Pawel J, Kortsik C, Nackaerts K, Lianes P, Vogelzang NJ. Second-line (post-study) chemotherapy received by patients treated in the phase III trial of pemetrexed plus cisplatin versus cisplatin alone in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Ann Oncol. 2005 Jun;16(6):923-7. Epub 2005 Apr 11. PubMed PMID: 15824080.

653: Dubey S, Schiller JH. Three emerging new drugs for NSCLC: pemetrexed, bortezomib, and cetuximab. Oncologist. 2005 Apr;10(4):282-91. Review. PubMed PMID: 15821248.

654: Scagliotti GV. Pemetrexed plus carboplatin or oxaliplatin in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Semin Oncol. 2005 Apr;32(2 Suppl 2):S5-8. Review. PubMed PMID: 15818537.

655: Socinski MA, Stinchcombe TE, Hayes DN. The evolving role of pemetrexed (Alimta) in lung cancer. Semin Oncol. 2005 Apr;32(2 Suppl 2):S16-22. Review. PubMed PMID: 15818533.

656: Socinski MA. Pemetrexed (Alimta) in small cell lung cancer. Semin Oncol. 2005 Apr;32(2 Suppl 2):S1-4. Review. PubMed PMID: 15818532.

657: Blackhall FH, Shepherd FA, Albain KS. Improving survival and reducing toxicity with chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer : a realistic goal? Treat Respir Med. 2005;4(2):71-84. Review. PubMed PMID: 15813659.

658: Giovannetti E, Mey V, Nannizzi S, Pasqualetti G, Marini L, Del Tacca M, Danesi R. Cellular and pharmacogenetics foundation of synergistic interaction of pemetrexed and gemcitabine in human non-small-cell lung cancer cells. Mol Pharmacol. 2005 Jul;68(1):110-8. Epub 2005 Mar 28. PubMed PMID: 15795320.

659: Puto K, Garey JS. Pemetrexed therapy for malignant pleural mesothelioma. Ann Pharmacother. 2005 Apr;39(4):678-83. Epub 2005 Mar 8. Review. PubMed PMID: 15755794.

660: Dy GK, Suri A, Reid JM, Sloan JA, Pitot HC, Alberts SR, Goldberg RM, Atherton PJ, Hanson LJ, Burch PA, Rubin J, Erlichman C, Adjei AA. A phase IB study of the pharmacokinetics of gemcitabine and pemetrexed, when administered in rapid sequence to patients with advanced solid tumors. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2005 Jun;55(6):522-30. Epub 2005 Mar 8. PubMed PMID: 15754203.

661: O'Neil BH, Goldberg RM. Chemotherapy for advanced colorectal cancer: let's not forget how we got here (until we really can). Semin Oncol. 2005 Feb;32(1):35-42. Review. PubMed PMID: 15726504.

662: Nagel S, Hobrack E, Jehle P, Schütte W. [Second-line treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma with Pemetrexed (Alimta) -- a case report]. Pneumologie. 2005 Feb;59(2):108-11. German. PubMed PMID: 15724224.

663: Zhao R, Zhang S, Hanscom M, Chattopadhyay S, Goldman ID. Loss of reduced folate carrier function and folate depletion result in enhanced pemetrexed inhibition of purine synthesis. Clin Cancer Res. 2005 Feb 1;11(3):1294-301. PubMed PMID: 15709201.

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672: Rodenbach M, Eyol E, Seelig MH, Berger MR. Combination treatment of CC531-lac-Z rat liver metastases by chemoembolization with pemetrexed disodium and gemcitabine. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2005 May;131(5):289-99. Epub 2005 Jan 19. PubMed PMID: 15657768.

673: Rosell R, Taron M, Sanchez JM, Moran T, Reguart N, Besse B, Isla D, Massuti B, Alberola V, Sanchez JJ. The promise of pharmacogenomics: gemcitabine and pemetrexed. Oncology (Williston Park). 2004 Nov;18(13 Suppl 8):70-6. Review. PubMed PMID: 15655942.

674: Hanauske AR. Translational research with pemetrexed in breast cancer. Oncology (Williston Park). 2004 Nov;18(13 Suppl 8):66-9. Review. PubMed PMID: 15655941.

675: Smith I. Phase II studies of pemetrexed in metastatic breast and gynecologic cancers. Oncology (Williston Park). 2004 Nov;18(13 Suppl 8):63-5. Review. PubMed PMID: 15655940.

676: Louvet C, de Gramont A. Pemetrexed in advanced colorectal cancer. Oncology (Williston Park). 2004 Nov;18(13 Suppl 8):56-62. Review. PubMed PMID: 15655939.

677: Sobrero A, Caprioni F, Fornarini G, Mammoliti S, Comandini D, Baldo S, Decian F. Pemetrexed in gastric cancer. Oncology (Williston Park). 2004 Nov;18(13 Suppl 8):51-5. Review. PubMed PMID: 15655938.

678: von der Maase H. Pemetrexed in transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelium. Oncology (Williston Park). 2004 Nov;18(13 Suppl 8):48-50. Review. PubMed PMID: 15655937.

679: Seitz JF, Dahan L, Ries P. Pemetrexed in pancreatic cancer. Oncology (Williston Park). 2004 Nov;18(13 Suppl 8):43-7. Review. PubMed PMID: 15655936.

680: De Marinis F, De Petris L. Pemetrexed in second-line treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. Oncology (Williston Park). 2004 Nov;18(13 Suppl 8):38-42. Review. PubMed PMID: 15655935.

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682: Gatzemeier U. Pemetrexed in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Oncology (Williston Park). 2004 Nov;18(13 Suppl 8):26-31. Review. PubMed PMID: 15655933.

683: Hanauske AR, Dittrich C, Otero J. Overview of phase I/II pemetrexed studies. Oncology (Williston Park). 2004 Nov;18(13 Suppl 8):18-25. Review. PubMed PMID: 15655932.

684: Calvert AH. Biochemical pharmacology of pemetrexed. Oncology (Williston Park). 2004 Nov;18(13 Suppl 8):13-7. Review. PubMed PMID: 15655931.

685: Zhao R, Chattopadhyay S, Hanscom M, Goldman ID. Antifolate resistance in a HeLa cell line associated with impaired transport independent of the reduced folate carrier. Clin Cancer Res. 2004 Dec 15;10(24):8735-42. PubMed PMID: 15623659.

686: Budde LS, Hanna NH. Antimetabolites in the management of non-small cell lung cancer. Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2005 Jan;6(1):83-93. Review. PubMed PMID: 15610718.

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688: Govindan R, Garfield DH. Treatment approaches in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer and poor performance status. Semin Oncol. 2004 Dec;31(6 Suppl 11):27-31. Review. PubMed PMID: 15599832.

689: Chattopadhyay S, Wang Y, Zhao R, Goldman ID. Lack of impact of the loss of constitutive folate receptor alpha expression, achieved by RNA Interference, on the activity of the new generation antifolate pemetrexed in HeLa cells. Clin Cancer Res. 2004 Dec 1;10(23):7986-93. PubMed PMID: 15585634.

690: Nowak AK, Byrne MJ, Millward MJ, Alvarez JM, Robinson BW. Current chemotherapeutic treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2004 Dec;5(12):2441-9. Review. PubMed PMID: 15571462.

691: Jänne PA, Baldini EH. Patterns of failure following surgical resection for malignant pleural mesothelioma. Thorac Surg Clin. 2004 Nov;14(4):567-73. Review. PubMed PMID: 15559064.

692: Vogelzang NJ. Multimodality therapy in mesothelioma: role of chemotherapy. Thorac Surg Clin. 2004 Nov;14(4):531-42. Review. PubMed PMID: 15559060.

693: Reck M, Gatzemeier U. Chemotherapy in stage-IV NSCLC. Lung Cancer. 2004 Aug;45 Suppl 2:S217-22. Review. PubMed PMID: 15552802.

694: Trissel LA, Saenz CA, Ogundele AB, Ingram DS. Physical compatibility of pemetrexed disodium with other drugs during simulated Y-site administration. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2004 Nov 1;61(21):2289-93. PubMed PMID: 15552637.

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696: Souquet PJ. [Second-line chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer]. Rev Pneumol Clin. 2004 Nov;60(5 Pt 2):3S57-9. Review. French. PubMed PMID: 15536355.

697: Bischof M, Abdollahi A, Gong P, Stoffregen C, Lipson KE, Debus JU, Weber KJ, Huber PE. Triple combination of irradiation, chemotherapy (pemetrexed), and VEGFR inhibition (SU5416) in human endothelial and tumor cells. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2004 Nov 15;60(4):1220-32. PubMed PMID: 15519795.

698: Damaraju VL, Hamilton KF, Seth-Smith ML, Cass CE, Sawyer MB. Characterization of binding of folates and antifolates to brush-border membrane vesicles isolated from human kidney. Mol Pharmacol. 2005 Feb;67(2):453-9. Epub 2004 Oct 27. PubMed PMID: 15509714.

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700: Muhsin M, Gricks C, Kirkpatrick P. Pemetrexed disodium. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2004 Oct;3(10):825-6. PubMed PMID: 15497247.

701: Pistolesi M, Rusthoven J. Malignant pleural mesothelioma: update, current management, and newer therapeutic strategies. Chest. 2004 Oct;126(4):1318-29. Review. PubMed PMID: 15486399.

702: Aelony Y. Need for further information on pemetrexed study. J Clin Oncol. 2004 Oct 15;22(20):4234-5; author reply 4235-6. PubMed PMID: 15483040.

703: Hazarika M, White RM, Johnson JR, Pazdur R. FDA drug approval summaries: pemetrexed (Alimta). Oncologist. 2004;9(5):482-8. Review. PubMed PMID: 15477632.

704: Rosell R, Felip E, Garcia-Campelo R, Balańa C. The biology of non-small-cell lung cancer: identifying new targets for rational therapy. Lung Cancer. 2004 Nov;46(2):135-48. Review. PubMed PMID: 15474661.

705: Wang Y, Zhao R, Goldman ID. Characterization of a folate transporter in HeLa cells with a low pH optimum and high affinity for pemetrexed distinct from the reduced folate carrier. Clin Cancer Res. 2004 Sep 15;10(18 Pt 1):6256-64. PubMed PMID: 15448015.

706: Hochster HS. The role of pemetrexed in the treatment of gastrointestinal malignancy. Clin Colorectal Cancer. 2004 Sep;4(3):190-5. Review. PubMed PMID: 15377402.

707: Capiaux GM, Budak-Alpdogan T, Alpdogan O, Bornmann W, Takebe N, Banerjee D, Maley F, Bertino JR. Protection of hematopoietic stem cells from pemetrexed toxicity by retroviral gene transfer with a mutant dihydrofolate reductase-mutant thymidylate synthase fusion gene. Cancer Gene Ther. 2004 Dec;11(12):767-73. PubMed PMID: 15359285.

708: Kano Y, Akutsu M, Tsunoda S, Izumi T, Mori K, Fujii H, Yazawa Y, Mano H, Furukawa Y. Schedule-dependent synergism and antagonism between pemetrexed and paclitaxel in human carcinoma cell lines in vitro. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2004 Dec;54(6):505-13. Epub 2004 Aug 31. PubMed PMID: 15340759.

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717: Kut V, Patel JD, Argiris A. Pemetrexed: a novel antifolate agent enters clinical practice. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2004 Aug;4(4):511-22. Review. PubMed PMID: 15270656.

718: Hanauske AR. The role of Alimta in the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma: an overview of preclinical and clinical trials. Lung Cancer. 2004 Aug;45 Suppl 1:S121-4. Review. PubMed PMID: 15261444.

719: Tomek S, Manegold C. Chemotherapy for malignant pleural mesothelioma: past results and recent developments. Lung Cancer. 2004 Aug;45 Suppl 1:S103-19. Review. PubMed PMID: 15261443.

720: First drug for rare cancer. FDA Consum. 2004 May-Jun;38(3):4. PubMed PMID: 15218827.

721: Adjei AA. Pemetrexed (ALIMTA), a novel multitargeted antineoplastic agent. Clin Cancer Res. 2004 Jun 15;10(12 Pt 2):4276s-4280s. Review. PubMed PMID: 15217974.

722: Current data and ongoing trials in patients with recurrent non-small-cell lung cancer. Clin Lung Cancer. 2004 May;5(6):337-9. Review. PubMed PMID: 15217532.

723: Orbaugh KK. Nursing considerations for administering pemetrexed (Alimta) in combination with cisplatin for malignant pleural mesothelioma. Clin J Oncol Nurs. 2004 Jun;8(3):242-7. Review. PubMed PMID: 15208818.

724: Misset JL, Gamelin E, Campone M, Delaloge S, Latz JE, Bozec L, Fumoleau P. Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of the multitargeted antifolate pemetrexed in combination with oxaliplatin in patients with advanced solid tumors. Ann Oncol. 2004 Jul;15(7):1123-9. PubMed PMID: 15205208.

725: Diaz-Rubio E. New chemotherapeutic advances in pancreatic, colorectal, and gastric cancers. Oncologist. 2004;9(3):282-94. Review. PubMed PMID: 15169983.

726: Zhao R, Goldman ID. Enter Alimta: a new generation antifolate. Oncologist. 2004;9(3):242-4. PubMed PMID: 15169978.

727: Budde LS, Hanna NH. Pemetrexed (Alimta): improving outcomes in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2004 Jun;4(3):361-8. Review. PubMed PMID: 15161435.

728: Catalano A, Gianni W, Procopio A. Experimental therapy of malignant mesothelioma: new perspectives from anti-angiogenic treatments. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2004 May;50(2):101-9. Review. PubMed PMID: 15157659.

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730: Giovannetti E, Mey V, Danesi R, Mosca I, Del Tacca M. Synergistic cytotoxicity and pharmacogenetics of gemcitabine and pemetrexed combination in pancreatic cancer cell lines. Clin Cancer Res. 2004 May 1;10(9):2936-43. PubMed PMID: 15131028.

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732: Hanna N, Shepherd FA, Fossella FV, Pereira JR, De Marinis F, von Pawel J, Gatzemeier U, Tsao TC, Pless M, Muller T, Lim HL, Desch C, Szondy K, Gervais R, Shaharyar, Manegold C, Paul S, Paoletti P, Einhorn L, Bunn PA Jr. Randomized phase III trial of pemetrexed versus docetaxel in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer previously treated with chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol. 2004 May 1;22(9):1589-97. PubMed PMID: 15117980.

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735: Gadgeel SM, Pass HI. Novel combinations using pemetrexed in malignant mesothelioma. Clin Lung Cancer. 2004 Apr;5 Suppl 2:S61-6. Review. PubMed PMID: 15117427.

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737: Adjei AA. Pharmacology and mechanism of action of pemetrexed. Clin Lung Cancer. 2004 Apr;5 Suppl 2:S51-5. Review. PubMed PMID: 15117425.

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740: Caponigro F, Ionna F, Comella G. New cytotoxic and molecular-targeted therapies of head and neck tumors. Curr Opin Oncol. 2004 May;16(3):225-30. Review. PubMed PMID: 15069317.

741: Evans TL. Highlights from the Tenth World Conference on Lung Cancer. Oncologist. 2004;9(2):232-8. PubMed PMID: 15047929.

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743: Fossella FV. Pemetrexed for treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Semin Oncol. 2004 Feb;31(1 Suppl 1):100-5. Review. PubMed PMID: 14981587.

744: Theti DS, Jackman AL. The role of alpha-folate receptor-mediated transport in the antitumor activity of antifolate drugs. Clin Cancer Res. 2004 Feb 1;10(3):1080-9. PubMed PMID: 14871988.

745: Green MR. The evolving role of gemcitabine and pemetrexed (Alimta) in the management of patients with malignant mesothelioma. Clin Lung Cancer. 2002 Mar;3 Suppl 1:S26-9. PubMed PMID: 14720352.

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748: Silvestris N, D'Aprile M, Andreola G, Locopo N, Marini L, Crucitta E, De Lena M, Lorusso V. Rationale for the use of gemcitabine in breast cancer (Review). Int J Oncol. 2004 Feb;24(2):389-98. Review. PubMed PMID: 14719116.

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750: Bayes M, Rabasseda X, Prous JR. Gateways to clinical trials. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 2003 Nov;25(9):747-71. PubMed PMID: 14685303.

751: Taylor EC, Liu B. A new and efficient synthesis of pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine anticancer agents: Alimta (LY231514, MTA), homo-Alimta, TNP-351, and some aryl 5-substituted pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines. J Org Chem. 2003 Dec 26;68(26):9938-47. PubMed PMID: 14682686.

752: Maung K. Pemetrexed (Alimta): a novel antifolate in the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Clin Lung Cancer. 2002 May;3(4):240-2. PubMed PMID: 14662030.

753: Kulke MH. Advanced pancreatic cancer: is there a role for combination therapy? Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2003 Oct;3(5):729-39. Review. PubMed PMID: 14599095.

754: Molina JR, Adjei AA. The role of Pemetrexed (Alimta , LY231514) in lung cancer therapy. Clin Lung Cancer. 2003 Jul;5(1):21-7. Review. PubMed PMID: 14596699.

755: Castro M. Thymidine rescue: an antidote for pemetrexed-related toxicity in the setting of acute renal failure. J Clin Oncol. 2003 Nov 1;21(21):4066. PubMed PMID: 14581433.

756: Thödtmann R, Sauter T, Weinknecht S, Weissbach L, Blatter J, Ohnmacht U, Hanauske A. A phase II trial of pemetrexed in patients with metastatic renal cancer. Invest New Drugs. 2003 Aug;21(3):353-8. PubMed PMID: 14578684.

757: Haller DG. New perspectives in the management of pancreas cancer. Semin Oncol. 2003 Aug;30(4 Suppl 11):3-10. Review. PubMed PMID: 14506598.

758: Bajetta E, Celio L, Buzzoni R, Ferrari L, Marchianň A, Martinetti A, Longarini R, Becerra C, Ilardi C, John W. Phase II study of pemetrexed disodium (Alimta) administered with oral folic acid in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Ann Oncol. 2003 Oct;14(10):1543-8. PubMed PMID: 14504056.

759: Patients with asbestos-related cancer report better quality of life with pemetrexed plus cisplatin. Oncology (Williston Park). 2003 Aug;17(8):1094. PubMed PMID: 12966677.

760: Bayés M, Rabasseda X, Prous JR. Gateways to clinical trials. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 2003 Jul-Aug;25(6):483-506. PubMed PMID: 12949633.

761: Le Chevalier T. The emerging role of pemetrexed (Alimta) and gemcitabine in non-small cell lung cancer. Semin Oncol. 2003 Aug;30(4 Suppl 10):37-44. Review. PubMed PMID: 12947960.

762: Shepherd FA. Second-line chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2003 Aug;3(4):435-42. Review. PubMed PMID: 12934656.

763: Manegold C. Pemetrexed (Alimta, MTA, multitargeted antifolate, LY231514) for malignant pleural mesothelioma. Semin Oncol. 2003 Aug;30(4 Suppl 10):32-6. Review. PubMed PMID: 12917819.

764: Bischof M, Huber P, Stoffregen C, Wannenmacher M, Weber KJ. Radiosensitization by pemetrexed of human colon carcinoma cells in different cell cycle phases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2003 Sep 1;57(1):289-92. PubMed PMID: 12909245.

765: Sigmond J, Backus HH, Wouters D, Temmink OH, Jansen G, Peters GJ. Induction of resistance to the multitargeted antifolate Pemetrexed (ALIMTA) in WiDr human colon cancer cells is associated with thymidylate synthase overexpression. Biochem Pharmacol. 2003 Aug 1;66(3):431-8. PubMed PMID: 12907242.

766: Martin M, Spielmann M, Namer M, duBois A, Unger C, Dodwell D, Vodvarka P, Lind M, Calvert H, Casado A, Zelek L, Lluch A, Carrasco E, Kayitalire L, Zielinski C. Phase II study of pemetrexed in breast cancer patients pretreated with anthracyclines. Ann Oncol. 2003 Aug;14(8):1246-52. PubMed PMID: 12881387.

767: Kosmidis PA, Manegold C. Advanced NSCLC: new cytostatic agents. Lung Cancer. 2003 Aug;41 Suppl 1:S123-32. Review. PubMed PMID: 12867071.

768: Vogelzang NJ, Rusthoven JJ, Symanowski J, Denham C, Kaukel E, Ruffie P, Gatzemeier U, Boyer M, Emri S, Manegold C, Niyikiza C, Paoletti P. Phase III study of pemetrexed in combination with cisplatin versus cisplatin alone in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. J Clin Oncol. 2003 Jul 15;21(14):2636-44. PubMed PMID: 12860938.

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770: Sternberg CN, Vogelzang NJ. Gemcitabine, paclitaxel, pemetrexed and other newer agents in urothelial and kidney cancers. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2003 Jun 27;46 Suppl:S105-15. Review. PubMed PMID: 12850531.

771: Chu E, Callender MA, Farrell MP, Schmitz JC. Thymidylate synthase inhibitors as anticancer agents: from bench to bedside. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2003 Jul;52 Suppl 1:S80-9. Epub 2003 Jun 18. Review. PubMed PMID: 12819937.

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773: Kanzawa F, Akiyama Y, Saijo N, Nishio K. In vitro effects of combinations of cis-amminedichloro (2-methylpyridine) platinum (II) (ZD0473) with other novel anticancer drugs on the growth of SBC-3, a human small cell lung cancer cell line. Lung Cancer. 2003 Jun;40(3):325-32. PubMed PMID: 12781432.

774: Favaretto AG, Aversa SM, Paccagnella A, Manzini Vde P, Palmisano V, Oniga F, Stefani M, Rea F, Bortolotti L, Loreggian L, Monfardini S. Gemcitabine combined with carboplatin in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma: a multicentric phase II study. Cancer. 2003 Jun 1;97(11):2791-7. PubMed PMID: 12767092.

775: Adjei AA. Pemetrexed (Alimta): a novel multitargeted antifolate agent. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2003 Apr;3(2):145-56. Review. PubMed PMID: 12722874.

776: Calvert H. Pemetrexed (Alimta): a promising new agent for the treatment of breast cancer. Semin Oncol. 2003 Apr;30(2 Suppl 3):2-5. Review. PubMed PMID: 12722017.

777: Scagliotti GV, Novello S. Pemetrexed and its emerging role in the treatment of thoracic malignancies. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2003 May;12(5):853-63. Review. PubMed PMID: 12720495.

778: Scagliotti GV, Shin DM, Kindler HL, Vasconcelles MJ, Keppler U, Manegold C, Burris H, Gatzemeier U, Blatter J, Symanowski JT, Rusthoven JJ. Phase II study of pemetrexed with and without folic acid and vitamin B12 as front-line therapy in malignant pleural mesothelioma. J Clin Oncol. 2003 Apr 15;21(8):1556-61. PubMed PMID: 12697881.

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780: Wang Y, Zhao R, Goldman ID. Decreased expression of the reduced folate carrier and folypolyglutamate synthetase is the basis for acquired resistance to the pemetrexed antifolate (LY231514) in an L1210 murine leukemia cell line. Biochem Pharmacol. 2003 Apr 1;65(7):1163-70. PubMed PMID: 12663051.

781: Tomek S, Emri S, Krejcy K, Manegold C. Chemotherapy for malignant pleural mesothelioma: past results and recent developments. Br J Cancer. 2003 Jan 27;88(2):167-74. Review. PubMed PMID: 12610498; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2377054.

782: Tomek S, Manegold C. Chemotherapy for malignant pleural mesothelioma. Curr Opin Oncol. 2003 Mar;15(2):148-56. Review. PubMed PMID: 12601280.

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785: Haller DG. Future directions in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Semin Oncol. 2002 Dec;29(6 Suppl 20):31-9. Review. PubMed PMID: 12577231.

786: Heinemann V. Gemcitabine in the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer: a comparative analysis of randomized trials. Semin Oncol. 2002 Dec;29(6 Suppl 20):9-16. Review. PubMed PMID: 12577228.

787: Paz-Ares L, Ciruelos E, García-Carbonero R, Castellano D, Lopez-Martín A, Cortés-Funes H. Pemetrexed in bladder, head and neck, and cervical cancers. Semin Oncol. 2002 Dec;29(6 Suppl 18):69-75. Review. PubMed PMID: 12571815.

788: Celio L, Buzzoni R, Longarini R, Marchianň A, Bajetta E. Pemetrexed in gastric cancer: clinical experience and future perspectives. Semin Oncol. 2002 Dec;29(6 Suppl 18):63-8. Review. PubMed PMID: 12571814.

789: O'Shaughnessy JA. Pemetrexed: an active new agent for breast cancer. Semin Oncol. 2002 Dec;29(6 Suppl 18):57-62. Review. PubMed PMID: 12571813.

790: Hochster H. The role of pemetrexed in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Semin Oncol. 2002 Dec;29(6 Suppl 18):54-6. Review. PubMed PMID: 12571812.

791: Kindler HL. Pemetrexed in pancreatic cancer. Semin Oncol. 2002 Dec;29(6 Suppl 18):49-53. Review. PubMed PMID: 12571811.

792: Shepherd FA. Pemetrexed in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Semin Oncol. 2002 Dec;29(6 Suppl 18):43-8. Review. PubMed PMID: 12571810.

793: Vogelzang NJ. Emerging insights into the biology and therapy of malignant mesothelioma. Semin Oncol. 2002 Dec;29(6 Suppl 18):35-42. Review. PubMed PMID: 12571809.

794: Adjei AA. Preclinical and clinical studies with combinations of pemetrexed and gemcitabine. Semin Oncol. 2002 Dec;29(6 Suppl 18):30-4. Review. PubMed PMID: 12571808.

795: Niyikiza C, Hanauske AR, Rusthoven JJ, Calvert AH, Allen R, Paoletti P, Bunn PA Jr. Pemetrexed safety and dosing strategy. Semin Oncol. 2002 Dec;29(6 Suppl 18):24-9. Review. PubMed PMID: 12571807.

796: Boyer MJ, Rivory LP, Clarke SJ. Pemetrexed: single-agent and combination phase I study overview. Semin Oncol. 2002 Dec;29(6 Suppl 18):18-23. Review. PubMed PMID: 12571806.

797: Goldman ID, Zhao R. Molecular, biochemical, and cellular pharmacology of pemetrexed. Semin Oncol. 2002 Dec;29(6 Suppl 18):3-17. Review. PubMed PMID: 12571805.

798: Steele JP. The new front line treatment for malignant pleural mesothelioma? Thorax. 2003 Feb;58(2):96-7. PubMed PMID: 12554885; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1746576.

799: Bayés M, Rabasseda X, Prous JR. Gateways to clinical trials. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 2002 Oct;24(8):525-51. PubMed PMID: 12500432.

800: Niyikiza C, Baker SD, Seitz DE, Walling JM, Nelson K, Rusthoven JJ, Stabler SP, Paoletti P, Calvert AH, Allen RH. Homocysteine and methylmalonic acid: markers to predict and avoid toxicity from pemetrexed therapy. Mol Cancer Ther. 2002 May;1(7):545-52. PubMed PMID: 12479273.

801: Georgoulias VA. Second-line chemotherapy in relapsing or refractory patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer. 2002 Dec;38 Suppl 3:S61-6. Review. PubMed PMID: 12468149.

802: Seidman AD, O'Shaughnessy J, Misset JL. Single-agent capecitabine: a reference treatment for taxane-pretreated metastatic breast cancer? Oncologist. 2002;7 Suppl 6:20-8. Review. PubMed PMID: 12454316.

803: Marsh S, McLeod HL. Thymidylate synthase pharmacogenetics in colorectal cancer. Clin Colorectal Cancer. 2001 Nov;1(3):175-8; discussion 179-81. Review. PubMed PMID: 12450432.

804: Rose MG, Farrell MP, Schmitz JC. Thymidylate synthase: a critical target for cancer chemotherapy. Clin Colorectal Cancer. 2002 Feb;1(4):220-9. Review. PubMed PMID: 12450420.

805: Gligorov J, André T, Epaud C, Culine S. [Updates on gemcitabine at the American Society of Clinical Oncology congress (ASCO, 2002) ]. Bull Cancer. 2002 Aug;89 Spec No:S134-44. French. PubMed PMID: 12449045.

806: Wang Y, Zhao R, Chattopadhyay S, Goldman ID. A novel folate transport activity in human mesothelioma cell lines with high affinity and specificity for the new-generation antifolate, pemetrexed. Cancer Res. 2002 Nov 15;62(22):6434-7. Erratum in: Cancer Res. 2003 Oct 15;63(20):7004. PubMed PMID: 12438230.

807: Sarries C, Haura EB, Roig B, Taron M, Abad A, Scagliotti G, Rosell R. Pharmacogenomic strategies for developing customized chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer. Pharmacogenomics. 2002 Nov;3(6):763-80. Review. PubMed PMID: 12437479.

808: Green MR. Alimta (pemetrexed disodium): a multitargeted antifolate for the treatment of mesothelioma. Lung Cancer. 2002 Nov;38 Suppl 2:S55-7. Review. PubMed PMID: 12431831.

809: Postmus PE. Activity of pemetrexed (alimta), a new antifolate, against non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer. 2002 Nov;38 Suppl 2:S3-7. PubMed PMID: 12431822.

810: Manegold C. Pemetrexed: current development and future directions in thoracic cancers. Suppl Tumori. 2002 Jul-Aug;1(4):S11-2. Review. PubMed PMID: 12415805.

811: Kindler HL. The pemetrexed/gemcitabine combination in pancreatic cancer. Cancer. 2002 Aug 15;95(4 Suppl):928-32. Review. PubMed PMID: 12209673.

812: Hughes A, Calvert P, Azzabi A, Plummer R, Johnson R, Rusthoven J, Griffin M, Fishwick K, Boddy AV, Verrill M, Calvert H. Phase I clinical and pharmacokinetic study of pemetrexed and carboplatin in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. J Clin Oncol. 2002 Aug 15;20(16):3533-44. PubMed PMID: 12177114.

813: Raymond E, Louvet C, Tournigand C, Coudray AM, Faivre S, De Gramont A, Gespach C. Pemetrexed disodium combined with oxaliplatin, SN38, or 5-fluorouracil, based on the quantitation of drug interactions in human HT29 colon cancer cells. Int J Oncol. 2002 Aug;21(2):361-7. PubMed PMID: 12118332.

814: Jones RJ, Twelves CJ. Pemetrexed: a multitargeted antifolate (ALIMTA, LY-231514). Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2002 Feb;2(1):13-22. Review. PubMed PMID: 12113062.

815: Le Chevalier T. Gemcitabine and pemetrexed (Alimta) in thoracic cancers: present and future perspectives. Introduction and current controversies. Semin Oncol. 2002 Jun;29(3 Suppl 9):43-6. Review. PubMed PMID: 12094338.

816: Hanauske AR. Pemetrexed: translational research in breast cancer. Semin Oncol. 2002 Jun;29(3 Suppl 9):40-2. Review. PubMed PMID: 12094337.

817: Culine S. The present and future of combination chemotherapy in bladder cancer. Semin Oncol. 2002 Jun;29(3 Suppl 9):32-9. Review. PubMed PMID: 12094336.

818: Bunn PA Jr. Incorporation of pemetrexed (Alimta) into the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (thoracic tumors). Semin Oncol. 2002 Jun;29(3 Suppl 9):17-22. Review. PubMed PMID: 12094334.

819: Clarke SJ, Abratt R, Goedhals L, Boyer MJ, Millward MJ, Ackland SP. Phase II trial of pemetrexed disodium (ALIMTA, LY231514) in chemotherapy-naďve patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol. 2002 May;13(5):737-41. PubMed PMID: 12075742.

820: Taub RN, Keohan ML, Chabot JC, Fountain KS, Plitsas M. Peritoneal mesothelioma. Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2000 Oct;1(4):303-12. Review. PubMed PMID: 12057156.

821: Kindler HL, Shulman KL. Metastatic colorectal cancer. Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2001 Dec;2(6):459-71. Review. PubMed PMID: 12057092.

822: Tripathy D. Gemcitabine in breast cancer: future directions. Clin Breast Cancer. 2002 May;3 Suppl 1:45-8. Review. PubMed PMID: 12057046.

823: Adjei AA. Pemetrexed (Alimta) and gemcitabine in breast cancer patients previously treated with anthracyclines and taxanes. Clin Breast Cancer. 2002 May;3 Suppl 1:21-3. Review. PubMed PMID: 12057041.

824: Calvert H, Bunn PA Jr. Future directions in the development of pemetrexed. Semin Oncol. 2002 Apr;29(2 Suppl 5):54-61. Review. PubMed PMID: 12023794.

825: Adjei AA. Pemetrexed in the treatment of selected solid tumors. Semin Oncol. 2002 Apr;29(2 Suppl 5):50-3. Review. PubMed PMID: 12023793.

826: de Gramont A, Kindler HL. Pemetrexed in patients with gastrointestinal carcinoma. Semin Oncol. 2002 Apr;29(2 Suppl 5):42-9. Review. PubMed PMID: 12023792.

827: O'Shaughnessy JA, Gennari A, Conte P. Pemetrexed: a promising new treatment for breast cancer. Semin Oncol. 2002 Apr;29(2 Suppl 5):36-41. Review. PubMed PMID: 12023791.

828: Manegold C, Aisner J. Pemetrexed for diffuse malignant pleural mesothelioma. Semin Oncol. 2002 Apr;29(2 Suppl 5):30-5. Review. PubMed PMID: 12023790.

829: Rosell R, Crinó L. Pemetrexed combination therapy in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Semin Oncol. 2002 Apr;29(2 Suppl 5):23-9. Review. PubMed PMID: 12023789.

830: Postmus PE, Bunn PA Jr. Pemetrexed as a single agent in the therapy of advanced lung cancer. Semin Oncol. 2002 Apr;29(2 Suppl 5):17-22. Review. PubMed PMID: 12023788.

831: Fossella FV, Gatzemeier U. Phase I trials of pemetrexed. Semin Oncol. 2002 Apr;29(2 Suppl 5):8-16. Review. PubMed PMID: 12023787.

832: Calvert H. Folate status and the safety profile of antifolates. Semin Oncol. 2002 Apr;29(2 Suppl 5):3-7. Review. PubMed PMID: 12023786.

833: Pemetrexed, an novel multitargeted antifolate: current development and future directions. Proceedings of a meeting. August 17-19, 2000. Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA. Semin Oncol. 2002 Apr;29(2 Suppl 5):1-61; quiz 62-9. PubMed PMID: 12023785.

834: Bischof M, Weber KJ, Blatter J, Wannenmacher M, Latz D. Interaction of pemetrexed disodium (ALIMTA, multitargeted antifolate) and irradiation in vitro. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2002 Apr 1;52(5):1381-8. PubMed PMID: 11955753.

835: Riviere A. [Does treatment for malignant pleural mesothelioma exist?]. Rev Pneumol Clin. 2001 Nov;57(5 Pt 2):S3-6. Review. French. PubMed PMID: 11924240.

836: Curtin NJ, Hughes AN. Pemetrexed disodium, a novel antifolate with multiple targets. Lancet Oncol. 2001 May;2(5):298-306. Review. PubMed PMID: 11905785.

837: Spielmann M, Martin M, Namer M, duBois A, Unger C, Dodwell DJ. Activity of pemetrexed (ALIMTA, multitargeted antifolate, LY231514) in metastatic breast cancer patients previously treated with an anthracycline and a taxane: an interim analysis. Clin Breast Cancer. 2001 Apr;2(1):47-51. PubMed PMID: 11899382.

838: Misset JL. Brief communication: use of the multitargeted antifolate pemetrexed (Alimta) in genitourinary cancer. Semin Oncol. 2002 Feb;29(1 Suppl 3):36-9. Review. PubMed PMID: 11894006.

839: Schultz RM, Dempsey JA. Sequence dependence of Alimta (LY231514, MTA) combined with doxorubicin in ZR-75-1 human breast carcinoma cells. Anticancer Res. 2001 Sep-Oct;21(5):3209-14. PubMed PMID: 11848474.

840: Mauritz R, Peters GJ, Priest DG, Assaraf YG, Drori S, Kathmann I, Noordhuis P, Bunni MA, Rosowsky A, Schornagel JH, Pinedo HM, Jansen G. Multiple mechanisms of resistance to methotrexate and novel antifolates in human CCRF-CEM leukemia cells and their implications for folate homeostasis. Biochem Pharmacol. 2002 Jan 15;63(2):105-15. PubMed PMID: 11841783.

841: Fizazi K, John WJ, Vogelzang NJ. The emerging role of antifolates in the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Semin Oncol. 2002 Feb;29(1):77-81. Review. PubMed PMID: 11836672.

842: Kindler HL, van Meerbeeck JP. The role of gemcitabine in the treatment of malignant mesothelioma. Semin Oncol. 2002 Feb;29(1):70-6. Review. PubMed PMID: 11836671.

843: Tesei A, Ricotti L, De Paola F, Amadori D, Frassineti GL, Zoli W. In Vitro schedule-dependent interactions between the multitargeted antifolate LY231514 and gemcitabine in human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines. Clin Cancer Res. 2002 Jan;8(1):233-9. PubMed PMID: 11801564.

844: Backus HH, Wouters D, van der Wilt CL, Kuiper CM, van Groeningen CJ, Pinedo HM, Peters GJ. Thymidylate synthase inhibition induces p53 dependent and independent cell death. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2000;486:303-6. PubMed PMID: 11783505.

845: Rivory LP, Clarke SJ, Boyer M, Bishop JF. Highly sensitive analysis of the antifolate pemetrexed sodium, a new cancer agent, in human plasma and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 2001 Dec 25;765(2):135-40. PubMed PMID: 11767306.

846: Norman P. Pemetrexed disodium (Eli Lilly). Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 2001 Nov;2(11):1611-22. Review. PubMed PMID: 11763166.

847: Novello S, le Chevalier T. ALIMTA (pemetrexed disodium, LY231514, MTA): clinical experience in non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer. 2001 Dec;34 Suppl 4:S107-9. Review. PubMed PMID: 11742713.

848: Adjei AA. Gemcitabine and pemetrexed disodium combinations in vitro and in vivo. Lung Cancer. 2001 Dec;34 Suppl 4:S103-5. Review. PubMed PMID: 11742712.

849: Sayre PH, Finer-Moore JS, Fritz TA, Biermann D, Gates SB, MacKellar WC, Patel VF, Stroud RM. Multi-targeted antifolates aimed at avoiding drug resistance form covalent closed inhibitory complexes with human and Escherichia coli thymidylate synthases. J Mol Biol. 2001 Nov 2;313(4):813-29. Erratum in: J Mol Biol 2002 Mar 1;316(4):1005. PubMed PMID: 11697906.

850: Mauceri HJ, Seetharam S, Salloum RM, Vokes EE, Weichselbaum RR. Treatment of head and neck and esophageal xenografts employing Alimta and concurrent ionizing radiation. Int J Oncol. 2001 Oct;19(4):833-5. PubMed PMID: 11562763.

851: Pivot X, Raymond E, Laguerre B, Degardin M, Cals L, Armand JP, Lefebvre JL, Gedouin D, Ripoche V, Kayitalire L, Niyikiza C, Johnson R, Latz J, Schneider M. Pemetrexed disodium in recurrent locally advanced or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Br J Cancer. 2001 Sep 1;85(5):649-55. PubMed PMID: 11531245; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2364119.

852: Hanauske AR, Chen V, Paoletti P, Niyikiza C. Pemetrexed disodium: a novel antifolate clinically active against multiple solid tumors. Oncologist. 2001;6(4):363-73. Review. PubMed PMID: 11524555.

853: Shepherd FA, Dancey J, Arnold A, Neville A, Rusthoven J, Johnson RD, Fisher B, Eisenhauer E. Phase II study of pemetrexed disodium, a multitargeted antifolate, and cisplatin as first-line therapy in patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung carcinoma: a study of the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group. Cancer. 2001 Aug 1;92(3):595-600. PubMed PMID: 11505404.

854: Lu X, Errington J, Curtin NJ, Lunec J, Newell DR. The impact of p53 status on cellular sensitivity to antifolate drugs. Clin Cancer Res. 2001 Jul;7(7):2114-23. PubMed PMID: 11448931.

855: Smith PG, Thomas HD, Barlow HC, Griffin RJ, Golding BT, Calvert AH, Newell DR, Curtin NJ. In vitro and in vivo properties of novel nucleoside transport inhibitors with improved pharmacological properties that potentiate antifolate activity. Clin Cancer Res. 2001 Jul;7(7):2105-13. PubMed PMID: 11448930.

856: Miles DW, Smith IE, Coleman RE, Calvert AH, Lind MJ. A phase II study of pemetrexed disodium (LY231514) in patients with locally recurrent or metastatic breast cancer. Eur J Cancer. 2001 Jul;37(11):1366-71. PubMed PMID: 11435066.

857: Backus HH, Pinedo HM, Wouters D, Kuiper CM, Jansen G, van Groeningen CJ, Peters GJ. Differences in the induction of DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, and cell death by 5-fluorouracil and antifolates. Oncol Res. 2000;12(5):231-9. PubMed PMID: 11417748.

858: Gangjee A, Vidwans A, Elzein E, McGuire JJ, Queener SF, Kisliuk RL. Synthesis, antifolate, and antitumor activities of classical and nonclassical 2-amino-4-oxo-5-substituted-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines. J Med Chem. 2001 Jun 7;44(12):1993-2003. PubMed PMID: 11384244.

859: Taylor EC, Liu B. A new route to 7-substituted derivatives of n-[4-(2-[2-amino-3,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7H-pyrrolo(2,3-d)pyrimidin-5-yl]ethyl)benzoyl] -L-glutamic acid [ALIMTA (LY231514, MTA)]. J Org Chem. 2001 Jun 1;66(11):3726-38. PubMed PMID: 11374991.

860: van der Wilt CL, Backus HH, Smid K, Comijn L, Veerman G, Wouters D, Voorn DA, Priest DG, Bunni MA, Mitchell F, Jackman AL, Jansen G, Peters GJ. Modulation of both endogenous folates and thymidine enhance the therapeutic efficacy of thymidylate synthase inhibitors. Cancer Res. 2001 May 1;61(9):3675-81. PubMed PMID: 11325838.

861: Bunn PA Jr. Triplet combination chemotherapy and targeted therapy regimens. Oncology (Williston Park). 2001 Mar;15(3 Suppl 6):26-32. Review. PubMed PMID: 11301845.

862: Adjei AA. Gemcitabine and Pemetrexed disodium in treating breast cancer. Oncology (Williston Park). 2001 Feb;15(2 Suppl 3):34-7. Review. PubMed PMID: 11252887.

863: Adjei AA. Pemetrexed: a multitargeted antifolate agent with promising activity in solid tumors. Ann Oncol. 2000 Oct;11(10):1335-41. Review. PubMed PMID: 11106124.

864: Pestieau SR, Stuart OA, Sugarbaker PH. Multi-targeted antifolate (MTA): pharmacokinetics of intraperitoneal administration in a rat model. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2000 Nov;26(7):696-700. PubMed PMID: 11078617.

865: Cassidy J. Thymidylate synthase inhibitors in colorectal cancer. Semin Oncol. 2000 Oct;27(5 Suppl 10):83-7. Review. PubMed PMID: 11049037.

866: Ouellet D, Periclou AP, Johnson RD, Woodworth JR, Lalonde RL. Population pharmacokinetics of pemetrexed disodium (ALIMTA) in patients with cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2000;46(3):227-34. PubMed PMID: 11021740.

867: Zhao R, Babani S, Gao F, Liu L, Goldman ID. The mechanism of transport of the multitargeted antifolate (MTA) and its cross-resistance pattern in cells with markedly impaired transport of methotrexate. Clin Cancer Res. 2000 Sep;6(9):3687-95. PubMed PMID: 10999762.

868: Ettinger DS. Gemcitabine/Alimta in locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer. Oncology (Williston Park). 2000 Jul;14(7 Suppl 4):49-52. PubMed PMID: 10960946.

869: Welsh SJ, Titley J, Brunton L, Valenti M, Monaghan P, Jackman AL, Aherne GW. Comparison of thymidylate synthase (TS) protein up-regulation after exposure to TS inhibitors in normal and tumor cell lines and tissues. Clin Cancer Res. 2000 Jun;6(6):2538-46. PubMed PMID: 10873110.

870: Manegold C, Gatzemeier U, von Pawel J, Pirker R, Malayeri R, Blatter J, Krejcy K. Front-line treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with MTA (LY231514, pemetrexed disodium, ALIMTA) and cisplatin: a multicenter phase II trial. Ann Oncol. 2000 Apr;11(4):435-40. PubMed PMID: 10847462.

871: Van Triest B, Pinedo HM, Giaccone G, Peters GJ. Downstream molecular determinants of response to 5-fluorouracil and antifolate thymidylate synthase inhibitors. Ann Oncol. 2000 Apr;11(4):385-91. Review. PubMed PMID: 10847455.

872: Chen VJ, Bewley JR, Smith PG, Andis SL, Schultz RM, Iversen PW, Tonkinson JL, Shih C. An assessment of the antithymine and antipurine characteristics of MTA (LY231514) in CCRF-CEM cells. Adv Enzyme Regul. 2000;40:143-54. PubMed PMID: 10828350.

873: van der Wilt CL, Kuiper CM, Peters GJ. Combination studies of antifolates with 5-fluorouracil in colon cancer cell lines. Oncol Res. 1999;11(8):383-91. PubMed PMID: 10803742.

874: Adjei AA, Erlichman C, Sloan JA, Reid JM, Pitot HC, Goldberg RM, Peethambaram P, Atherton P, Hanson LJ, Alberts SR, Jett J. Phase I and pharmacologic study of sequences of gemcitabine and the multitargeted antifolate agent in patients with advanced solid tumors. J Clin Oncol. 2000 Apr;18(8):1748-57. PubMed PMID: 10764436.

875: John W, Picus J, Blanke CD, Clark JW, Schulman LN, Rowinsky EK, Thornton DE, Loehrer PJ. Activity of multitargeted antifolate (pemetrexed disodium, LY231514) in patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma: results from a phase II study. Cancer. 2000 Apr 15;88(8):1807-13. PubMed PMID: 10760756.

876: Teicher BA, Chen V, Shih C, Menon K, Forler PA, Phares VG, Amsrud T. Treatment regimens including the multitargeted antifolate LY231514 in human tumor xenografts. Clin Cancer Res. 2000 Mar;6(3):1016-23. PubMed PMID: 10741729.

877: Patel DH, Allay JA, Belt JA, Sorrentino BP. Retroviral transfer of the hENT2 nucleoside transporter cDNA confers broad-spectrum antifolate resistance in murine bone marrow cells. Blood. 2000 Apr 1;95(7):2356-63. PubMed PMID: 10733507.

878: Smith PG, Marshman E, Newell DR, Curtin NJ. Dipyridamole potentiates the in vitro activity of MTA (LY231514) by inhibition of thymidine transport. Br J Cancer. 2000 Feb;82(4):924-30. PubMed PMID: 10732767; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2374405.

879: Miller KD, Picus J, Blanke C, John W, Clark J, Shulman LN, Thornton D, Rowinsky E, Loehrer PJ Sr. Phase II study of the multitargeted antifolate LY231514 (ALIMTA, MTA, pemetrexed disodium) in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Ann Oncol. 2000 Jan;11(1):101-3. PubMed PMID: 10690396.

880: MTA, A Novel Multitargeted Antifolate: from preclinical to phase I and beyond. Proceedings of a meeting. Ixtapa, Mexico, March 13-15, 1998. Semin Oncol. 1999 Apr;26(2 Suppl 6):1-110. PubMed PMID: 10610578.

881: Danenberg PV, Malli H, Swenson S. Thymidylate synthase inhibitors. Semin Oncol. 1999 Dec;26(6):621-31. Review. PubMed PMID: 10606255.

882: Calvert H. MTA, a novel multitargeted antifolate, from preclinical to phase I and beyond: summary and conclusions. Semin Oncol. 1999 Apr;26(2 Suppl 6):105-8. PubMed PMID: 10598564.

883: O'Dwyer PJ, Nelson K, Thornton DE. Overview of phase II trials of MTA in solid tumors. Semin Oncol. 1999 Apr;26(2 Suppl 6):99-104. Review. PubMed PMID: 10598563.

884: Adjei AA, Erlichman C. A phase I trial of MTA and gemcitabine in patients with locally advanced or metastatic cancer. Semin Oncol. 1999 Apr;26(2 Suppl 6):94-8. PubMed PMID: 10598562.

885: Thödtmann R, Depenbrock H, Blatter J, Johnson RD, van Oosterom A, Hanauske AR. Preliminary results of a phase I study with MTA (LY231514) in combination with cisplatin in patients with solid tumors. Semin Oncol. 1999 Apr;26(2 Suppl 6):89-93. PubMed PMID: 10598561.

886: Rinaldi DA. Overview of phase I trials of multitargeted antifolate (MTA, LY231514). Semin Oncol. 1999 Apr;26(2 Suppl 6):82-8. Review. PubMed PMID: 10598560.

887: Schultz RM, Chen VJ, Bewley JR, Roberts EF, Shih C, Dempsey JA. Biological activity of the multitargeted antifolate, MTA (LY231514), in human cell lines with different resistance mechanisms to antifolate drugs. Semin Oncol. 1999 Apr;26(2 Suppl 6):68-73. PubMed PMID: 10598558.

888: Smith PG, Marshman E, Calvert AH, Newell DR, Curtin NJ. Prevention of thymidine and hypoxanthine rescue from MTA (LY231514) growth inhibition by dipyridamole in human lung cancer cell lines. Semin Oncol. 1999 Apr;26(2 Suppl 6):63-7. PubMed PMID: 10598557.

889: Teicher BA, Alvarez E, Liu P, Lu K, Menon K, Dempsey J, Schultz RM. MTA (LY231514) in combination treatment regimens using human tumor xenografts and the EMT-6 murine mammary carcinoma. Semin Oncol. 1999 Apr;26(2 Suppl 6):55-62. PubMed PMID: 10598556.

890: Chen VJ, Bewley JR, Andis SL, Schultz RM, Iversen PW, Shih C, Mendelsohn LG, Seitz DE, Tonkinson JL. Cellular pharmacology of MTA: a correlation of MTA-induced cellular toxicity and in vitro enzyme inhibition with its effect on intracellular folate and nucleoside triphosphate pools in CCRF-CEM cells. Semin Oncol. 1999 Apr;26(2 Suppl 6):48-54. PubMed PMID: 10598555.

891: Mendelsohn LG, Shih C, Chen VJ, Habeck LL, Gates SB, Shackelford KA. Enzyme inhibition, polyglutamation, and the effect of LY231514 (MTA) on purine biosynthesis. Semin Oncol. 1999 Apr;26(2 Suppl 6):42-7. Review. PubMed PMID: 10598554.

892: Galivan J, Ryan T, Rhee M, Yao R, Chave K. Glutamyl hydrolase: properties and pharmacologic impact. Semin Oncol. 1999 Apr;26(2 Suppl 6):33-7. Review. PubMed PMID: 10598552.

893: Calvert H. An overview of folate metabolism: features relevant to the action and toxicities of antifolate anticancer agents. Semin Oncol. 1999 Apr;26(2 Suppl 6):3-10. Review. PubMed PMID: 10598549.

894: Allegra CJ. Antifolates: the next millennium. Semin Oncol. 1999 Apr;26(2 Suppl 6):1-2. PubMed PMID: 10598548.

895: Cripps C, Burnell M, Jolivet J, Batist G, Lofters W, Dancey J, Iglesias J, Fisher B, Eisenhauer EA. Phase II study of first-line LY231514 (multi-targeted antifolate) in patients with locally advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer: an NCIC Clinical Trials Group study. Ann Oncol. 1999 Oct;10(10):1175-9. PubMed PMID: 10586333.

896: Rusthoven JJ, Eisenhauer E, Butts C, Gregg R, Dancey J, Fisher B, Iglesias J. Multitargeted antifolate LY231514 as first-line chemotherapy for patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: A phase II study. National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group. J Clin Oncol. 1999 Apr;17(4):1194. PubMed PMID: 10561178.

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