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 Lomustine

Lomustine is a nitrosourea with antineoplastic activity. Lomustine alkylates and crosslinks DNA, thereby inhibiting DNA and RNA synthesis. This agent also carbamoylates DNA and proteins, resulting in inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis and disruption of RNA processing. Lomustine is lipophilic and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus).

CeeNU® (lomustine) (CCNU) is one of the nitrosoureas used in the treatment of certain neoplastic diseases. It is 1-(2-chloro-ethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea. It is a yellow powder with the empirical formula of C9H16ClN3O2 and a molecular weight of 233.71. CeeNU is soluble in 10% ethanol (0.05 mg per mL) and in absolute alcohol (70 mg per mL). CeeNU is relatively insoluble in water ( < 0.05 mg per mL). It is relatively unionized at a physiological pH.  Inactive ingredients in CeeNU Capsules are magnesium stearate and mannitol.

Although it is generally agreed that CeeNU alkylates DNA and RNA, it is not cross resistant with other alkylators. As with other nitrosoureas, it may also inhibit several key enzymatic processes by carbamoylation of amino acids in proteins. CeeNU may be given orally. Following oral administration of radioactive CeeNU at doses ranging from 30 mg/m2 to 100 mg/m2, about half of the radioactivity given was excreted in the urine in the form of degradation products within 24 hours. The serum half-life of the metabolites ranges from 16 hours to 2 days. Tissue levels are comparable to plasma levels at 15 minutes after intravenous administration. Because of the high lipid solubility and the relative lack of ionization at physiological pH, CeeNU crosses the blood-brain barrier quite effectively. Levels of radioactivity in the CSF are 50% or greater than those measured concurrently in plasma.

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314: Vincent RG, Mehta CR, Tucker RD, Mountain CF, Cohen M, Wilson HE, Vogel C. Chemotherapy of extensive large cell and adenocarcinoma of the lung: a randomized trial in 210 patients. Cancer. 1980 Jul 15;46(2):256-60. PubMed PMID: 6992978.

315: Torti FM, Carter SK. The chemotherapy of prostatic adenocarcinoma. Ann Intern Med. 1980 May;92(5):681-9. Review. PubMed PMID: 6992675.

316: Huang AT, Lucas VS, Baughn SG, Cole TB. A trial of outpatient chemotherapy for recurrent head and neck tumors. Cancer. 1980 Apr 15;45(8):2038-41. PubMed PMID: 6154522.

317: Salimtschik M, Snel S, Havsteen H, Dombernowsky P, Mouridsen HT. CCNU, melphalan, methotrexate, and prednisone (CAMP) versus cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil (CMF) in the treatment of advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Cancer Treat Rep. 1980 Apr-May;64(4-5):635-7. PubMed PMID: 7000346.

318: Cianfriglia F, Pompili A, Riccio A, Grassi A. CCNU-chemotherapy of hemispheric supratentorial glioblastoma multiforme. Cancer. 1980 Mar 15;45(6):1289-99. PubMed PMID: 6244079.

319: White DR, Richards F 2nd, Muss HB, Cooper MR, Spurr CL. Therapy of advanced colorectal carcinoma with 5-fluorouracil and cyclophosphamide in combination with either CCNU or methotrexate. Cancer. 1980 Feb 15;45(4):662-5. PubMed PMID: 6986968.

320: Green MR, Dillman RO, Horton C. Procarbazine, vincristine, CCNU, and cyclophosphamide (POCC) in the treatment of metastatic malignant melanoma. Cancer Treat Rep. 1980 Jan;64(1):139-42. PubMed PMID: 7379047.

321: Bonomi PD, Chandra G, Rossof AH, Klaassen D. MItomycin C, methyl-CCNU and 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of metastatic colorectal carcinoma. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 1980;5(1):39-42. PubMed PMID: 7006846.

322: Cavagnaro F, Lein JM, Pavlovsky S, Becherini JO, Pileggi JE, Micheo EQ, Jait C, Musso A, Suárez A, Pizzolato M. Comparison of two combination chemotherapy regimens for multiple myeloma: methyl-CCNU, cyclophosphamide, and prednisone versus melphalan and prednisone. Cancer Treat Rep. 1980 Jan;64(1):73-9. PubMed PMID: 6991106.

323: Cohen MH, Schoenfeld D, Wolter J. Randomized trial of chlorpromazine, caffeine, and methyl-CCNU in disseminated melanoma. Cancer Treat Rep. 1980 Jan;64(1):151-3. PubMed PMID: 6991102.

324: Vaughn CB, Brady P, Chinn BJ, Daversa GC, Parzuchowski JS. Combination chemotherapy in advanced gastrointestinal malignancy. Oncology. 1980;37(1):57-61. PubMed PMID: 6985729.

325: Macdonald JS, Hoth D, Schein PS. Preclinical and clinical studies on chlorozotocin, a new nitrosourea with decreased bone marrow toxicity. Recent Results Cancer Res. 1980;70:83-9. PubMed PMID: 6444466.

326: Hill GJ 2nd, Metter GE, Krementz ET, Fletcher WS, Golomb FM, Ramirez G, Grage TB, Moss SE. DTIC and combination therapy for melanoma. II. Escalating schedules of DTIC with BCNU, CCNU, and vincristine. Cancer Treat Rep. 1979 Nov-Dec;63(11-12):1989-92. PubMed PMID: 393384.

327: Phase II-III chemotherapy studies in advanced gastric cancer. The Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group. Cancer Treat Rep. 1979 Nov-Dec;63(11-12):1871-6. PubMed PMID: 393382.

328: Moertel CG, Lavin PT. Phase II-III chemotherapy studies in advanced gastric cancer. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Cancer Treat Rep. 1979 Nov-Dec;63(11-12):1863-9. PubMed PMID: 393381.

329: Buroker T, Kim PN, Groppe C, McCracken J, O'Bryan R, Panettiere F, Costanzi J, Bottomley R, King GW, Bonnet J, Thigpen T, Whitecar J, Haas C, Vaitkevicius VK, Hoogstraten B, Heilbrun L. 5 FU infusion with mitomycin-C vs. 5 FU infusion with methyl-CCNU in the treatment of advanced upper gastrointestinal cancer: a Southwest Oncology Group Study. Cancer. 1979 Oct;44(4):1215-21. PubMed PMID: 387204.

330: Taylor SG 4th, DeWys WD, Perlia CP, Wolter J, Slayton RE, Kosova LA, Khandekar JD. A randomized comparison of two dosage schedules of methyl CCNU: three-week versus six-week treatments. Cancer. 1979 Sep;44(3):824-30. PubMed PMID: 383272.

331: Costanza M, Buechler M, Munzenreider J, Emami B, Mukherji B, Shucart W, Scott M, Nathanson L, Rudders R, Stein B, Post K, Piro A. Radiation plus adjuvant CCNU (1-[2-chloroethyl]-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea) vs CCNU, hpydroxyurea and vincristine in the treatment of malignant glimoa. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1979 Sep;5(9):1589-92. PubMed PMID: 231595.

332: Seydel HG, Creech RH, Mietlowski WL, Perez CA. Preliminary report of a cooperative randomized study for the treatment of localized small cell lung carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1979 Sep;5(9):1445-7. PubMed PMID: 231592.

333: van Houtte P, Tancini G, de Jager R, Lustman-Maréchal J, Milani F, Bonadonna G, Kenis Y. Small cell carcinoma of the lung: a combined modality treatment. Eur J Cancer. 1979 Sep;15(9):1159-65. PubMed PMID: 93543.

334: Weiss RB, DeVita VT Jr. The dilemma regarding postoperative chemotherapy in primary carcinoma of the colon. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1979 Aug;149(2):267-71. PubMed PMID: 380029.

335: Corbett TH, Griswold DP Jr, Wolpert MK, Venditti JM, Schabel FM Jr. Design and evaluation of combination chemotherapy trials in experimental animal tumor systems. Cancer Treat Rep. 1979 May;63(5):799-801. PubMed PMID: 455319.

336: Morgenfeld M, Somoza N, Magnasco J, Pavlovsky S, de Bonesana AC, Bezares R, Suárez A, Pileggi J, Lein JM, Macchi A, Calabria SI, Garay GE, de Sica SC, Besuschio S. Combined chemotherapy cyclophosphamide, vinblastine, procarbazine and prednisone (CVPP) vs. CVPP plus CCNU (CCVPP) in Hodgin's disease. Cancer. 1979 May;43(5):1579-86. PubMed PMID: 376095.

337: Takita H, Marabella PC, Edgerton F, Rizzo D. cis-Dichlorodiammineplatinum(II), adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, CCNU, and vincristine in non-small cell lung carcinoma: a preliminary report. Cancer Treat Rep. 1979 Jan;63(1):29-33. PubMed PMID: 369692.

338: Richards F 2nd, Muss HB, Cooper R, White DR, Stuart JJ, Howard V, Barnes P, Rhyne L, Spurr CL. Chemotherapy versus chemoimmunotherapy in advanced adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum: a prospective randomized study. Cancer. 1979 Jan;43(1):91-6. PubMed PMID: 367576.

339: Kemeny N, Yagoda A, Braun D Jr, Golbey R. A randomized study of two different schedules of methyl CCNU, 5-FU and vincristine for metastatic colorectal carcinoma. Cancer. 1979 Jan;43(1):78-82. PubMed PMID: 367575.

340: Solero CL, Monfardini S, Brambilla C, Vaghi A, Valagussa P, Morello G, Bonadonna G. Controlled study with BCNU vs. CCNU as adjuvant chemotherapy following surgery plus radiotherapy for glioblastoma multiforme. Cancer Clin Trials. 1979 Spring;2(1):43-8. PubMed PMID: 229983.

341: Everall JD, Dowd PM. Use of combination chemotherapy with CCNU, bleomycin, and vincristine in the treatment of metastatic melanoma in patients resistant to DTIC therapy. Cancer Treat Rep. 1979 Jan;63(1):151-5. PubMed PMID: 84710.

342: Douglass HO Jr, Lavin PT, Woll J, Conroy JF, Carbone P. Chemotherapy of advanced measurable colon and rectal carcinoma with oral 5-fluorouracil, alone or in combination with cyclophosphamide or 6-thioguanine, with intravenous 5-fluorouracil or beta-2'-deoxythioguanosine or with oral 3(4-methyl-cyclohexyl)-1(2-chlorethyl)-1-nitrosourea: a Phase II-III study of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (EST 4273). Cancer. 1978 Dec;42(6):2538-45. PubMed PMID: 365312.

343: Bedikian AY, Valdivieso M, Mavligit GM, Burgess MA, Rodriguez V, Bodey GP. Sequential chemoimmunotherapy of colorectal cancer: evaluation of methotrexate, Baker's Antifol and levamisole. Cancer. 1978 Nov;42(5):2169-76. PubMed PMID: 363254.

344: Falkson G, Moertel CG, Lavin P, Pretorius FJ, Carbone PP. Chemotherapy studies in primary liver cancer: a prospective randomized clinical trial. Cancer. 1978 Nov;42(5):2149-56. PubMed PMID: 214218.

345: Bedikian AY, Staab R, Livingston R, Valdivieso M, Burgess MA, Bodey GP. Chemotherapy for colorectal cancer with 5-fluorouracil, cyclophosphamide, and CCNU: comparison of oral and continuous iv administration of 5-fluorouracil. Cancer Treat Rep. 1978 Oct;62(10):1603-5. PubMed PMID: 361230.

346: Buroker T, Kim PN, Groppe C, McCracken J, O'Bryan R, Panettiere F, Coltman C, Bottomley R, Wilson H, Bonnet J, Thigpen T, Vaitkevicius VK, Hoogstraten B, Heilbrun L. 5FU infusion with mitomycin-C versus 5 FU infusion with methyl-CCNU in the treatment of advanced colon cancer: a Southwest Oncology Group Study. Cancer. 1978 Sep;42(3):1228-33. PubMed PMID: 359121.

347: Bunn PA Jr, Nugent JL, Ihde DC, Cohen MH, Eddy JL, Minna JD. 5-fluorouracil, methyl-CCNU, adriamycin, and mitomycin C in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer. Cancer Treat Rep. 1978 Sep;62(9):1287-93. PubMed PMID: 356983.

348: Petrovich Z, Ohanian M, Cox J. Clinical research on the treatment of locally advanced lung cancer: final report of VALG Protocol 13 Limited. Cancer. 1978 Sep;42(3):1129-34. PubMed PMID: 212170.

349: Seiler RW, Imbach P, Vassella F, Wagner HP. Adjuvant chemotherapy with intraventricular methotrexate and CCNU after surgery and radiotherapy of medulloblastomas. Helv Paediatr Acta. 1978 Aug;33(3):235-9. PubMed PMID: 581382.

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351: Ellis DJ, Speirs C, Kingston RD, Brookes VS, Leonard J, Dykes PW. Carcinoembryonic antigen levels in advanced gastric carcinoma. Cancer. 1978 Aug;42(2):623-5. PubMed PMID: 354773.

352: Hahn RG, Temkin NR, Savlov ED, Perlia C, Wampler GL, Horton J, Marsh J, Carbone PP. Phase II study of vinblastine, methyl-CCNU, and medroxyprogesterone in advanced renal cell cancer. Cancer Treat Rep. 1978 Jul;62(7):1093-5. PubMed PMID: 356971.

353: Buge A, Poisson M, Pouillart P. [A study of the use of sequential chemotherapy in 176 cases of glioblastoma (author's transl)]. Rev Neurol (Paris). 1978 May;134(5):369-77. French. PubMed PMID: 364592.

354: Omura GA, Shingleton HM, Creasman WT, Blessing JA, Boronow RC. Chemotherapy of gynecologic cancer with nitrosoureas: a randomized trial of CCNU and methyl-CCNU in cancers of the cervix, corpus, vagina, and vulva. Cancer Treat Rep. 1978 May;62(5):833-5. PubMed PMID: 350400.

355: Buroker T, Wojtaszak B, Dindogru A, DeMattia M, Baker L, Groth C, Vaitkevicius VK. Phase II trial of ftorafur with mitomycin C versus ftorafur with methyl-CCNU in untreated colorectal cancer. Cancer Treat Rep. 1978 May;62(5):689-92. PubMed PMID: 350398.

356: Maurice P, Glidewell O, Jacquillat C, Silver RT, Carey R, Pas AT, Cornell CJ, Burningham RA, Nissen NI, Holland JF. Comparison of methyl-CCNU and CCNU in patients with advanced forms of Hodgkin's disease, lymphosarcoma nad reticulum cell sarcoma. Cancer. 1978 May;41(5):1658-63. PubMed PMID: 348294.

357: Mintz U, Bitran JD, Cooksey JA, Desser RK, DeMeester TR, Golomb HM. Hexamethylmelamine, bleomycin, and CCNU chemotherapy for patients with squamous cell carcinoma, large cell carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma of the lung unresponsive to cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, methotrexate, and procarbazine. Cancer Treat Rep. 1978 Apr;62(4):567-9. PubMed PMID: 77725.

358: Berman R, Giles GR, Malhotra A, Bird GG, Gajjar PD, Bunch GA, Hall R. Randomized trial of melphalan plus 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) versus methyl-CCNU plus 5-FU in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Cancer Treat Rep. 1978 Mar;62(3):457-9. PubMed PMID: 348316.

359: Garrett MJ, Hughes HJ, Freedman LS. A comparison of radiotherapy alone with radiotherapy and CCNU in cerebral glioma. Clin Oncol. 1978 Mar;4(1):71-6. PubMed PMID: 346276.

360: Kingston RD, Ellis DJ, Powell J, Brookes VS, Waterhouse JA, Hurst MD, Smith JA. The West Midlands gastric carcinoma chemotherapy trial: planning and results. Clin Oncol. 1978 Mar;4(1):55-69. PubMed PMID: 346275.

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362: Vosika GJ, Ryan MJ, Fortuny IA, Meyer C, Kiang DT, Theologides A, Kennedy BJ. CCNU, vinblastine, and delalutin therapy in renal cell carcinoma. Med Pediatr Oncol. 1978;5(1):89-91. PubMed PMID: 370538.

363: Paoletti P, Robustelli della Cuna G, Knerich R, Strada MR. Multidisciplinary treatment for central nervous system tumours with nitrosourea compounds. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 1978;41(4):287-99. PubMed PMID: 356524.

364: Dombernowsky P, Hansen HH. Combination chemotherapy in the management of superior vena caval obstruction in small-cell anaplastic carcinoma of the lung. Acta Med Scand. 1978;204(6):513-6. PubMed PMID: 216239.

365: Livingston RB, Heilbrun LH. Patterns of response and relapse in chemotherapy of extensive squamous carcinoma of the lung. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 1978;1(4):225-7. PubMed PMID: 86393.

366: Lokich JJ, Skarin AT, Mayer RJ, Frei E 3rd. Lack of effectiveness of combined 5- fluorouracil and methyl-CCNU therapy in advanced colorectal cancer. Cancer. 1977 Dec;40(6):2792-6. PubMed PMID: 589555.

367: Walker MD. Brain Tumor Study Group: a survey of current activities. Natl Cancer Inst Monogr. 1977 Dec;46:209-12. PubMed PMID: 148590.

368: Hildebrand J, Gangji D, Nouwynck C, Machin D. Enhancement of bone marrow toxicity of VM-26-CCNU combination by bleomycin. Cancer Treat Rep. 1977 Dec;61(9):1695-8. PubMed PMID: 74284.

369: Livingston RB, Helibrun L, Lehane D, Costanzi JJ, Bottomley R, Palmer RL, Stuckey WJ, Hoogstraten B. Comparative trial of combination chemotherapy in extensive squamous carcinoma of the lung: a Southwest Oncology Group Study. Cancer Treat Rep. 1977 Dec;61(9):1623-9. PubMed PMID: 74281.

370: Valdivieso M, Bedikian A, Burgess MA, Rodriguez V, Hersh EM, Bodey GP, Mavligit GM. Chemoimmunotherapy of metastatic large bowel cancer: nonspecific stimulation with BCG and levamisole. Cancer. 1977 Nov;40(5 Suppl):2731-9. PubMed PMID: 336190.

371: Band PR, Canellos GP, Sears M, Israel L, Pocock SJ. Phase II trial with bleomycin, CCNU, and streptozotocin in patients with metastatic cancer of the breast. Cancer Treat Rep. 1977 Oct;61(7):1365-7. PubMed PMID: 73416.

372: Abdallah AM, Soukop M, Bell G, Calman KC. A controlled study of 5-fluorouracil versus 5-fluorouracil and methyl-CCNU in advanced gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma. Clin Oncol. 1977 Sep;3(3):247-57. PubMed PMID: 334430.

373: Costanza ME, Nathanson L, Schoenfeld D, Wolter J, Colsky J, Regelson W, Cunningham T, Sedransk N. Results with methyl-CCNU and DTIC in metastatic melanoma. Cancer. 1977 Sep;40(3):1010-5. PubMed PMID: 332319.

374: Walker MD. Treatment of brain tumors. Med Clin North Am. 1977 Sep;61(5):1045-51. Review. PubMed PMID: 197350.

375: Livingston RB. Combination chemotherapy of bronchogenic carcinoma. I. Non-oat cell. Cancer Treat Rev. 1977 Sep;4(3):153-65. PubMed PMID: 73419.

376: Nissen NI, Pajak T, Glidewell O, Blom H, Flaherty M, Hayes D, McIntyre R, Holland JF. Overview of four clinical studies of chemotherapy for stage III and IV non-Hodgkin's lymphomas by the Cancer and Leukemia Group B. Cancer Treat Rep. 1977 Sep;61(6):1097-107. Review. PubMed PMID: 71208.

377: Lehane DE, Lane M, Tranum B, Costanzi J, Padilla F. Phase I trial of combination methotrexate and methyl-CCNU in patients with advanced neoplastic diseases. Cancer Treat Rep. 1977 Aug;61(5):889-91. PubMed PMID: 329982.

378: Einhorn LH, Furnas B. Combination chemotherapy for disseminated malignant melanoma with DTIC, vincristine, and methyl-CCNU. Cancer Treat Rep. 1977 Aug;61(5):881-3. PubMed PMID: 329981.

379: Tornyos K, Silberman H, Solomon A. Phase II study of oral methyl-CCNU and prednisone in previously treated alkylating agent-resistant multiple myeloma. Cancer Treat Rep. 1977 Aug;61(5):785-7. PubMed PMID: 329977.

380: Johnson RJ. Gastrointestinal cancer--colon (surgery-radiotherapy). The role of radiation therapy in the management of rectosigmoid cancer. Cancer. 1977 Jul;40(1 Suppl):595-603. PubMed PMID: 328139.

381: Cohen MH, Creaven PJ, Fossieck BE Jr, Broder LE, Selawry OS, Johnston AV, Williams CL, Minna JD. Intensive chemotherapy of small cell bronchogenic carcinoma. Cancer Treat Rep. 1977 May-Jun;61(3):349-54. PubMed PMID: 194691.

382: Pouillart P, Mathe G, Thy TH, Lheritier J, Poisson M, Huguenin P, Gautier H, Morin P, Parrot R. Treatment of malignant gliomas in adults using a combination of adriamycine, VM 26 and CCNU: results of a type II trial. Eur J Cancer. 1977 Apr-May;13(4-5):419-24. PubMed PMID: 326555.

383: Saez RJ, Campbell RJ, Laws ER Jr. Chemotherapeutic trials on human malignant astrocytomas in organ culture. J Neurosurg. 1977 Mar;46(3):320-7. PubMed PMID: 190361.

384: Wittes RE, Hong WK, Gatchell L, Krakoff IH, Golbey RB. Methyl-CCNU in malignant melanoma--a divided dose schedule of administration. Oncology. 1977;34(1):45-6. PubMed PMID: 865760.

385: Pouillart P, Mathé G, Palangie T, Lheritier J, Poisson M, Huguenin P, Gautier H, Morin P, Parrot R. Treatment of malignant gliomas and brain metastases in adults using a combination of adriamycine, VM 26, and CCNU. Results of a type II trial. Recent Results Cancer Res. 1977;(62):17-28. PubMed PMID: 341249.

386: Evans AE, Bernstein I, Finklestein J, Klemperer M, Leikin S, Weiner JM, Hammond GD. Methyl-CCNU for patients with previously treated metastatic neuroblastoma--a phase II study. Cancer Treat Rep. 1977 Jan-Feb;61(1):83-5. PubMed PMID: 324623.

387: Alexander M, Glatstein EJ, Gordon DS, Daniels JR. Combined modality treatment for oat cell carcinoma of the lung: a randomized trial 1,2,3. Cancer Treat Rep. 1977 Jan-Feb;61(1):1-6. PubMed PMID: 193642.

388: Carter SK. Current protocol approaches in large bowel cancer. Semin Oncol. 1976 Dec;3(4):433-43. Review. PubMed PMID: 793018.

389: Hansen HH, Selawry OS, Simon R, Carr DT, van Wyk CE, Tucker RD, Sealy R. Combination chemotherapy of advanced lung cancer: a randomized trial. Cancer. 1976 Dec;38(6):2201-7. PubMed PMID: 187312.

390: Byrne MJ. Cyclophosphamide, vincristine and procarbazine in the treatment of malignant melanoma. Cancer. 1976 Nov;38(5):1922-4. PubMed PMID: 791477.

391: Wilson CB, Gutin P, Boldrey EB, Drafts D, Levin VA, Enot KJ. Single-agent chemotherapy of brain tumors. A five-year review. Arch Neurol. 1976 Nov;33(11):739-44. PubMed PMID: 185991.

392: Falkson G, Falkson HC. Fluorouracil, methyl-CCNU and vincristine in cancer of the colon. Cancer. 1976 Oct;38(4):1468-70. PubMed PMID: 791472.

393: Higgins GA, Humphrey E, Juler G, LeVeen HH, McCaughan J, Keehn RJ. Adjuvant chemotherapy in the surgical treatment of large bowel cancer. Cancer. 1976 Oct;38(4):1461-7. PubMed PMID: 791471.

394: Moertel CG, Mittelman JA, Bakemeier RF, Engstrom P, Hanley J. Sequential and combination chemotherapy of advanced gastric cancer. Cancer. 1976 Aug;38(2):678-82. PubMed PMID: 788891.

395: Baker LH, Talley RW, Matter R, Lehane DE, Ruffner BW, Jones SE, Morrison FS, Stephens RL, Gehan EA, Vaitkevicius VK. Phase III comparison of the treatment of advanced gastrointestinal cancer with bolus weekly 5-FU vs. methyl-CCNU plus bolus weekly 5-FU. A Southwest Oncology Group study. Cancer. 1976 Jul;38(1):1-7. PubMed PMID: 779949.

396: Pouillart P, Mathé G, Poisson M, Buge A, Huguenin P, Gautier H, Morin P, Thy HT, Lheritier J, Parrot R. [Trial treatment of glioblastomas in adults and cerebral metastais by adriamycin, VM 26 and CCNU combination. Result of a type II trial]. Nouv Presse Med. 1976 Jun 19;5(25):1571-6. French. PubMed PMID: 778798.

397: Crist WM, Ragab AH, Vietti TJ, Ducos R, Chu JY. Chemotherapy of childhood medulloblastoma. Am J Dis Child. 1976 Jun;130(6):639-42. PubMed PMID: 937282.

398: Salmon SE. Nitrosoureas in multiple myeloma. Cancer Treat Rep. 1976 Jun;60(6):789-94. PubMed PMID: 782701.

399: Durant JR, Bartolucci A, Gams RA, Dorfman RF, Velez-Garcia E. Southeastern Cancer Study Group trials with nitrosoureas in Hodgkin's disease. Cancer Treat Rep. 1976 Jun;60(6):781-7. PubMed PMID: 782700.

400: Douglass HO Jr, Lavin PT, Moertel CG. Nitrosoureas: useful agents for the treatment of advanced gastrointestinal cancer. Cancer Treat Rep. 1976 Jun;60(6):769-80. PubMed PMID: 782699.

401: Wolf J. Nitrosoureas as single agents in the treatment of pulmonary cancer. Cancer Treat Rep. 1976 Jun;60(6):753-6. PubMed PMID: 782697.

402: Ahmann DL. Nitrosoureas in the management of disseminated malignant melanoma. Cancer Treat Rep. 1976 Jun;60(6):747-51. PubMed PMID: 782696.

403: Walker MD, Gehan EA. Clinical studies in malignant gliomas and their treatment with the nitrosoureas. Cancer Treat Rep. 1976 Jun;60(6):713-6. PubMed PMID: 782695.

404: Ahmann DL, Bisel HF, Edmonson JH, Hahn RG, Eagan RT, O'Connell MJ, Frytak S. Clinical comparison of adriamycin and a combination of methyl-CCNU and imidazole carboxamide in disseminated malignant melanoma. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1976 Jun;19(6):821-4. PubMed PMID: 773589.

405: Livingston RB. Nitrosourea combinations in lung cancer. Cancer Treat Rep. 1976 Jun;60(6):757-760. PubMed PMID: 182365.

406: Wilson WL, Andrews NC, Frelick RW, Nealon TF, Bick RL, Adams T. Preliminary report on the use of CCNU (NSC-79037), adriamycin (NSC-123127), and hexamethylmelamine (NSC-13875) in carcinoma of the lung. Cancer Treat Rep. 1976 Mar;60(3):269-71. PubMed PMID: 816467.

407: Cedermark BJ, Didolkar MS, Elias EG. Methyl-CCNU (NSC-95441) in advanced colorectal carcinoma after failure of 5-fluorouracil (NSC-19893) therapy. Cancer Treat Rep. 1976 Mar;60(3):235-8. PubMed PMID: 769977.

408: Livingston RB, Fee WH, Einhorn LH, Burgess MA, Freireich EJ, Gottlieb JA, Farber MO. BACON (bleomycin, adriamycin, CCNU, oncovin and nitrogen mustard) in squamous lung cancer. Experience in fifty patients. Cancer. 1976 Mar;37(3):1237-42. PubMed PMID: 56980.

409: Paillas JE, Pellet W, Pollet JF, D'Estienne d'Orves JF. [Letter: Chemotherapy of operated malignant brain gliomas using a combination of VM 26 and CCNU]. Nouv Presse Med. 1976 Feb 14;5(7):433-4. French. PubMed PMID: 768919.

410: Smyth AC, Wiernik PH. Combination chemotherapy of adult acute lymphocytic leukemia. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1976 Feb;19(2):240-5. PubMed PMID: 770047.

411: Carbone PP, Costello W. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group studies with DTIC (NSC-45388). Cancer Treat Rep. 1976 Feb;60(2):193-8. PubMed PMID: 769973.

412: Johnson RO, Metter G, Wilson W, Hill G, Krementz E. Phase I evaluation of DTIC (NSC-45388) and other studies in malignant melanoma in the Central Oncology Group. Cancer Treat Rep. 1976 Feb;60(2):183-7. PubMed PMID: 769971.

413: Comis RL. DTIC (NSC-45388) in malignant melanoma: a perspective. Cancer Treat Rep. 1976 Feb;60(2):165-76. Review. PubMed PMID: 769969.

414: Chang P, Levine MA, Wiernik PH, Walker MD. A phase II study of intravenously- administered methyl CCNU in the treatment of advanced sarcomas. Cancer. 1976 Feb;37(2):615-9. PubMed PMID: 766946.

415: Ahmann DL, Bisel HF, Hahn RG, Eagan RT, Edmonson JH, Steinfeld JL, Tormey DC, Taylor WF. An analysis of a multiple-drug program in the treatment of patients with advanced breast cancer utilizing 5-fluorouracil, cyclophosphamide, and prednisone with or without vincristine. Cancer. 1975 Dec;36(6):1925-35. PubMed PMID: 1203855.

416: Schein PS, Kisner D, MacDonald JS. Chemotherapy of large intestinal carcinoma. Current results and future prospects. Cancer. 1975 Dec;36(6 Suppl):2418-20. PubMed PMID: 764960.

417: Rossi A, Riva A, Bonadonna G. Methyl-CCNU (NSCU-95441) versus methyl-CCNU plus cyclophosphamide (NSC-26271) in advanced gastrointestinal cancer. Cancer Chemother Rep. 1975 Nov-Dec;59(6):1161-2. PubMed PMID: 769958.

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419: Taylor SG 4th, Donavan MA, Sponzo RW, Cunningham TJ, Horton J. Treatment of small cell carcinoma of the lung using methyl-CCNU (NSC-95441) combined with cyclophosphamide (NSC-26271) and vincristine (NSC-67574) in a 3-week schedule. Cancer Chemother Rep. 1975 Nov-Dec;59(6):1127-30. PubMed PMID: 769951.

420: Alberto P, Barrelet L, Chapuis B, Garcia B. A combination of adriamycin, CCNU and hydroxyurea in the treatment of disseminated bronchogenic carcinoma. Eur J Cancer. 1975 Nov;11(11):795-9. PubMed PMID: 767111.

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