MedKoo product information:

Lenalidomide

Lenalidomide is the thalidomide analog with potential antineoplastic activity. Lenalidomide inhibits TNF-alpha production, stimulates T cells, reduces serum levels of the cytokines vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and inhibits angiogenesis. This agent also promotes G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of malignant cells. Check for active clinical trials or closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI Thesaurus).

Lenalidomide, initially known as CC-5013 and marketed as Revlimid by Celgene, is a derivative of thalidomide introduced in 2004. It was initially intended as a treatment for multiple myeloma, for which thalidomide is an accepted therapeutic modality, but has also shown efficacy in the class of hematological disorders known as myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Revlimid is also known as Revamid in the UK.The exact mechanism of the immunomodulatory drugs (i.e., thalidomide, CC-4047/Actimid and lenalidomide) is not known. Apart from interfering with the immune system, they are also thought to act on angiogenesis. Lenalidomide and bortezomib are considered therapeutic breakthroughs in myeloma, which generally carries a poor prognosis.

Lenalidomide is an off-white to pale-yellow solid powder. It is soluble in organic solvent/water mixtures, and buffered aqueous solvents. Lenalidomide is more soluble in organic solvents and low pH solutions. Solubility was significantly lower in less acidic buffers, ranging from about 0.4 to 0.5 mg/ml. Lenalidomide has an asymmetric carbon atom and can exist as the optically active forms S(-) and R(+), and is produced as a racemic mixture with a net optical rotation of zero.

REVLIMID® (lenalidomide) is available in 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg and 25 mg capsules for oral administration. Each capsule contains lenalidomide as the active ingredient and the following inactive ingredients: lactose anhydrous, microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium, and magnesium stearate. The 5 mg and 25 mg capsule shell contains gelatin, titanium dioxide and black ink. The 10 mg capsule shell contains gelatin, FD&C blue #2, yellow iron oxide, titanium dioxide and black ink. The 15 mg capsule shell contains gelatin, FD&C blue #2, titanium dioxide and black ink.

The mechanism of action of lenalidomide remains to be fully characterized. Lenalidomide possesses antineoplastic, immunomodulatory and antiangiogenic properties. Lenalidomide inhibited the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased the secretion of antiinflammatory cytokines from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Lenalidomide inhibited cell proliferation with varying effectiveness (IC50s) in some but not all cell lines. Of cell lines tested, lenalidomide was effective in inhibiting growth of Namalwa cells (a human B cell lymphoma cell line with a deletion of one chromosome 5) but was much less effective in inhibiting growth of KG-1 cells (human myeloblastic cell line, also with a deletion of one chromosome 5) and other cell lines without chromosome 5 deletions. Lenalidomide inhibited the growth of multiple myeloma cells from patients, as well as MM.1S cells (a human multiple myeloma cell line), by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Lenalidomide inhibited the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) but not COX-1 in vitro.

Current developer:   

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188: Gore SD. New agents for the treatment of AML recent study findings. Clin Adv Hematol Oncol. 2008 Nov;6(11):6-8. PubMed PMID: 19205109.

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195: Hussein K, Van Dyke DL, Tefferi A. Conventional cytogenetics in myelofibrosis: literature review and discussion. Eur J Haematol. 2009 May;82(5):329-38. Epub 2009 Jan 9. Review. PubMed PMID: 19141119.

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197: Borrello I. Lenalidomide in renal insufficiency--balancing the risks and benefits. Br J Haematol. 2009 Feb;144(3):446-7; author reply 447-8. Epub 2008 Dec 10. PubMed PMID: 19120361.

198: Treon SP, Soumerai JD, Branagan AR, Hunter ZR, Patterson CJ, Ioakimidis L, Chu L, Musto P, Baron AD, Nunnink JC, Kash JJ, Terjanian TO, Hyman PM, Nawfel EL, Sharon DJ, Munshi NC, Anderson KC. Lenalidomide and rituximab in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. Clin Cancer Res. 2009 Jan 1;15(1):355-60. PubMed PMID: 19118065.

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201: Dreyling M, Hiddemann W. Dose-intense treatment of mantle cell lymphoma: can durable remission be achieved? Curr Opin Oncol. 2008 Sep;20(5):487-94. Review. PubMed PMID: 19106649.

202: Weisel KC, Böckeler M, Bianchi L, Terracciano LM, Mayer F, Kanz L. Development of rapid light-chain deposition disease in hepatic arteries with severe ischemic cholangitis in a multiple myeloma patient treated with melphalan, prednisone and lenalidomide. Int J Hematol. 2009 Jan;89(1):91-4. Epub 2008 Dec 20. PubMed PMID: 19101782.

203: Tuscano JM. Multiple myeloma: epidemiology and therapeutic options. Manag Care. 2008 Jul;17(7 Suppl 6):9-15. Review. PubMed PMID: 19093334.

204: Leleu X, Gay J, Roccaro AM, Moreau AS, Poulain S, Dulery R, Champs BB, Robu D, Ghobrial IM. Update on therapeutic options in Waldenström macroglobulinemia. Eur J Haematol. 2009 Jan;82(1):1-12. Review. PubMed PMID: 19087134.

205: Scott BL, Estey E. Management of myelodysplastic syndromes: 2008 update. Oncology (Williston Park). 2008 Nov 15;22(12):1344-52. Review. PubMed PMID: 19086598; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2647329.

206: Harousseau JL. Induction therapy in multiple myeloma. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2008:306-12. PubMed PMID: 19074101.

207: Kröger N. Epigenetic modulation and other options to improve outcome of stem cell transplantation in MDS. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2008:60-7. Review. PubMed PMID: 19074059.

208: Islam A, Ambrus JL. Bortezomib plus melphalan and prednisone for multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 2008 Dec 11;359(24):2613; author reply 2613-4. PubMed PMID: 19073984.

209: Horwitz SM. Novel therapies for cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma. 2008 Dec;8 Suppl 5:S187-92. Review. PubMed PMID: 19073526.

210: Garderet L, Isnard F, Gorin NC. [Treatment of myeloma in the elderly]. Bull Cancer. 2008 May 28;95 FMC Onco:F84-8. French. PubMed PMID: 18511373.

211: Heider U, Kaiser M, Mieth M, Lamottke B, Rademacher J, Jakob C, Braendle E, Stover D, Sezer O. Serum concentrations of DKK-1 decrease in patients with multiple myeloma responding to anti-myeloma treatment. Eur J Haematol. 2009 Jan;82(1):31-8. Epub 2008 Nov 10. PubMed PMID: 19067746.

212: Gertz MA. New targets and treatments in multiple myeloma: Src family kinases as central regulators of disease progression. Leuk Lymphoma. 2008 Dec;49(12):2240-5. Review. PubMed PMID: 19052970.

213: Dimopoulos MA, Gertz MA, Kastritis E, Garcia-Sanz R, Kimby EK, Leblond V, Fermand JP, Merlini G, Morel P, Morra E, Ocio EM, Owen R, Ghobrial IM, Seymour J, Kyle RA, Treon SP. Update on treatment recommendations from the Fourth International Workshop on Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia. J Clin Oncol. 2009 Jan 1;27(1):120-6. Epub 2008 Dec 1. Review. PubMed PMID: 19047284.

214: Barni S, Cabiddu M, Petrelli F. Toxicity of targeted therapies in elderly patients. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2008 Dec;8(12):1965-76. Review. PubMed PMID: 19046116.

215: Stone RM. Are new agents really making a difference in MDS? Best Pract Res Clin Haematol. 2008 Dec;21(4):639-46. Review. PubMed PMID: 19041603.

216: Ocio EM, Mateos MV, Maiso P, Pandiella A, San-Miguel JF. New drugs in multiple myeloma: mechanisms of action and phase I/II clinical findings. Lancet Oncol. 2008 Dec;9(12):1157-65. Review. PubMed PMID: 19038762.

217: Li WW, Hutnik M, Gehr G. Antiangiogenesis in haematological malignancies. Br J Haematol. 2008 Dec;143(5):622-31. Review. PubMed PMID: 19036013.

218: Mark T, Niesvizky R, Coleman M. Novel agents in myeloma: an exciting saga. Cancer. 2009 Jan 15;115(2):236-42. PubMed PMID: 19025986.

219: Dasanu CA, Alexandrescu DT. A case of severe aplastic anemia secondary to treatment with lenalidomide for multiple myeloma. Eur J Haematol. 2009 Mar;82(3):231-4. Epub 2008 Nov 6. PubMed PMID: 19018868.

220: Patriarca F, Petrucci MT, Bringhen S, Baldini L, Caravita T, Corradini P, Corso A, Di Raimondo F, Falcone A, Ferrara F, Morabito F, Musto P, Offidani M, Petrini M, Rizzi R, Semenzato G, Tosi P, Vacca A, Cavo M, Boccadoro M, Palumbo A. Considerations in the treatment of multiple myeloma: a consensus statement from Italian experts. Eur J Haematol. 2009 Feb;82(2):93-105. Epub 2008 Nov 6. PubMed PMID: 19018865.

221: Sekeres MA, Maciejewski JP, Giagounidis AA, Wride K, Knight R, Raza A, List AF. Relationship of treatment-related cytopenias and response to lenalidomide in patients with lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes. J Clin Oncol. 2008 Dec 20;26(36):5943-9. Epub 2008 Nov 17. PubMed PMID: 19018091; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2645116.

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223: Wiernik PH. Treatment of hematologic neoplasms with new immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs). Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2009 Apr;10(1-2):1-15. Epub 2008 Nov 19. Review. PubMed PMID: 19016330.

224: Sanborn SL, Gibbons J, Krishnamurthi S, Brell JM, Dowlati A, Bokar JA, Nock C, Horvath N, Bako J, Remick SC, Cooney MM. Phase I trial of docetaxel given every 3 weeks and daily lenalidomide in patients with advanced solid tumors. Invest New Drugs. 2009 Oct;27(5):453-60. Epub 2008 Nov 15. PubMed PMID: 19011760.

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226: Palumbo A, Rajkumar SV. Treatment of newly diagnosed myeloma. Leukemia. 2009 Mar;23(3):449-56. Epub 2008 Nov 13. Review. PubMed PMID: 19005483.

227: Musallam KM, Dahdaleh FS, Shamseddine AI, Taher AT. Incidence and prophylaxis of venous thromboembolic events in multiple myeloma patients receiving immunomodulatory therapy. Thromb Res. 2009 Mar;123(5):679-86. Epub 2008 Nov 6. Review. PubMed PMID: 18992924.

228: Tomillero A, Moral MA. Gateways to clinical trials. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 2008 Sep;30(7):543-88. PubMed PMID: 18985183.

229: Song W, van der Vliet HJ, Tai YT, Prabhala R, Wang R, Podar K, Catley L, Shammas MA, Anderson KC, Balk SP, Exley MA, Munshi NC. Generation of antitumor invariant natural killer T cell lines in multiple myeloma and promotion of their functions via lenalidomide: a strategy for immunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res. 2008 Nov 1;14(21):6955-62. PubMed PMID: 18980990.

230: Lonial S. Practical considerations for multiple myeloma: an overview of recent data and current options. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma. 2008 Aug;8 Suppl 4:S144-8. Review. PubMed PMID: 18952545.

231: Lin TS. Novel agents in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: efficacy and tolerability of new therapies. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma. 2008 Aug;8 Suppl 4:S137-43. Review. PubMed PMID: 18952544.

232: Schwartz RN, Vozniak M. Current and emerging treatments for multiple myeloma. J Manag Care Pharm. 2008 Sep;14(7 Suppl):12-9. Review. PubMed PMID: 18774881.

233: Schmidt C, Dreyling M. Therapy of mantle cell lymphoma: current standards and future strategies. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2008 Oct;22(5):953-63, ix. Review. PubMed PMID: 18954745.

234: Cavo M, Attal M, Gertz MA, Giralt S, Ludwig H, Morgan GJ, Anderson KC. The current landscape of multiple myeloma treatment. Leuk Res. 2008 Dec;32 Suppl 1:S1-24. PubMed PMID: 18954677.

235: Mark T, Jayabalan D, Coleman M, Pearse RN, Wang YL, Lent R, Christos PJ, Lee JW, Agrawal YP, Matthew S, Ely S, Mazumdar M, Cesarman E, Leonard JP, Furman RR, Chen-Kiang S, Niesvizky R. Atypical serum immunofixation patterns frequently emerge in immunomodulatory therapy and are associated with a high degree of response in multiple myeloma. Br J Haematol. 2008 Dec;143(5):654-60. Epub 2008 Oct 16. PubMed PMID: 18950461.

236: Greenberg PL, Cosler LE, Ferro SA, Lyman GH. The costs of drugs used to treat myelodysplastic syndromes following National Comprehensive Cancer Network Guidelines. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2008 Oct;6(9):942-53. PubMed PMID: 18926103.

237: Gore SD, Hermes-DeSantis ER. Future directions in myelodysplastic syndrome: newer agents and the role of combination approaches. Cancer Control. 2008 Oct;15 Suppl:40-9. Review. PubMed PMID: 18813208; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2727156.

238: Hazarika M, Rock E, Williams G, Dagher R, Sridhara R, Booth B, Farrell A, Justice R, Pazdur R. Lenalidomide in combination with dexamethasone for the treatment of multiple myeloma after one prior therapy. Oncologist. 2008 Oct;13(10):1120-7. Epub 2008 Oct 15. PubMed PMID: 18922829.

239: Fonseca R, Rajkumar SV. Consolidation therapy with bortezomib/lenalidomide/ dexamethasone versus bortezomib/dexamethasone after a dexamethasone-based induction regimen in patients with multiple myeloma: a randomized phase III trial. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma. 2008 Oct;8(5):315-7. PubMed PMID: 18854289.

240: O'Connor OA, Czuczman MS. Novel approaches for the treatment of NHL: Proteasome inhibition and immune modulation. Leuk Lymphoma. 2008;49 Suppl 1:59-66. Review. PubMed PMID: 18821434.

241: Podar K, Chauhan D, Anderson KC. Bone marrow microenvironment and the identification of new targets for myeloma therapy. Leukemia. 2009 Jan;23(1):10-24. Epub 2008 Oct 9. Review. PubMed PMID: 18843284.

242: Nau KC, Lewis WD. Multiple myeloma: diagnosis and treatment. Am Fam Physician. 2008 Oct 1;78(7):853-9. Review. PubMed PMID: 18841734.

243: Bladé J, Rosiñol L. Advances in therapy of multiple myeloma. Curr Opin Oncol. 2008 Nov;20(6):697-704. Review. PubMed PMID: 18841053.

244: Fehniger TA, Byrd JC, Marcucci G, Abboud CN, Kefauver C, Payton JE, Vij R, Blum W. Single-agent lenalidomide induces complete remission of acute myeloid leukemia in patients with isolated trisomy 13. Blood. 2009 Jan 29;113(5):1002-5. Epub 2008 Sep 29. PubMed PMID: 18824593.

245: Loong HH. Novel agents in the frontline management of multiple myeloma. Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Ther. 2008 Oct-Dec;1(4):201-9. Review. PubMed PMID: 20058474.

246: Elice F, Jacoub J, Rickles FR, Falanga A, Rodeghiero F. Hemostatic complications of angiogenesis inhibitors in cancer patients. Am J Hematol. 2008 Nov;83(11):862-70. Review. PubMed PMID: 18819092.

247: Mehta J, Singhal S. Current status of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in myeloma. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2008 Aug;42 Suppl 1:S28-S34. Review. PubMed PMID: 18724294.

248: Lu L, Payvandi F, Wu L, Zhang LH, Hariri RJ, Man HW, Chen RS, Muller GW, Hughes CC, Stirling DI, Schafer PH, Bartlett JB. The anti-cancer drug lenalidomide inhibits angiogenesis and metastasis via multiple inhibitory effects on endothelial cell function in normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Microvasc Res. 2009 Mar;77(2):78-86. Epub 2008 Sep 4. PubMed PMID: 18805433.

249: Dimopoulos MA, Kastritis E. The role of novel drugs in multiple myeloma. Ann Oncol. 2008 Sep;19 Suppl 7:vii121-7. Review. PubMed PMID: 18790953.

250: Wang M, Dimopoulos MA, Chen C, Cibeira MT, Attal M, Spencer A, Rajkumar SV, Yu Z, Olesnyckyj M, Zeldis JB, Knight RD, Weber DM. Lenalidomide plus dexamethasone is more effective than dexamethasone alone in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma regardless of prior thalidomide exposure. Blood. 2008 Dec 1;112(12):4445-51. Epub 2008 Sep 17. PubMed PMID: 18799726.

251: Dyer C. Myeloma patient wins fight for drug not yet approved by NICE. BMJ. 2008 Sep 16;337:a1695. doi: 10.1136/bmj.a1695. PubMed PMID: 18796493.

252: Minnema MC, van der Veer MS, Aarts T, Emmelot M, Mutis T, Lokhorst HM. Lenalidomide alone or in combination with dexamethasone is highly effective in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma following allogeneic stem cell transplantation and increases the frequency of CD4+Foxp3+ T cells. Leukemia. 2009 Mar;23(3):605-7. Epub 2008 Sep 11. PubMed PMID: 18784738.

253: Chanan-Khan AA, Whitworth A, Bangia N, Porter CW, Lee K. Lenalidomide-associated tumor flare reaction is manageable in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2008 Oct 10;26(29):4851-2; author reply 4852-3. Epub 2008 Sep 8. PubMed PMID: 18779599.

254: Palumbo A, Dimopoulos M, San Miguel J, Harousseau JL, Attal M, Hussein M, Knop S, Ludwig H, von Lilienfeld-Toal M, Sonneveld P. Lenalidomide in combination with dexamethasone for the treatment of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Blood Rev. 2009 Mar;23(2):87-93. Epub 2008 Sep 6. Review. PubMed PMID: 18774632.

255: Lapalombella R, Yu B, Triantafillou G, Liu Q, Butchar JP, Lozanski G, Ramanunni A, Smith LL, Blum W, Andritsos L, Wang DS, Lehman A, Chen CS, Johnson AJ, Marcucci G, Lee RJ, Lee LJ, Tridandapani S, Muthusamy N, Byrd JC. Lenalidomide down-regulates the CD20 antigen and antagonizes direct and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of rituximab on primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Blood. 2008 Dec 15;112(13):5180-9. Epub 2008 Sep 4. Erratum in: Blood. 2009 Oct 15;114(16):3506. PubMed PMID: 18772452; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2597613.

256: Behin A, Psimaras D, Hoang-Xuan K, Leger JM. Neuropathies in the context of malignancies. Curr Opin Neurol. 2008 Oct;21(5):534-9. Review. PubMed PMID: 18769246.

257: Niesvizky R, Martínez-Baños DM. Aspirin as thromboprophylaxis in myeloma. Leuk Lymphoma. 2008 Aug;49(8):1646-7. PubMed PMID: 18766978.

258: Paydas S. Tailored thromboprophylaxis for patients with multiple myeloma treated by IMIDs. Leuk Lymphoma. 2008 Aug;49(8):1644-5. PubMed PMID: 18766977.

259: Friedberg JW. Treatment of follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: the old and the new. Semin Hematol. 2008 Jul;45(3 Suppl 2):S2-6. Review. PubMed PMID: 18760706; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2597584.

260: Leonard JP, Martin P, Barrientos J, Elstrom R. Targeted treatment and new agents in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Semin Hematol. 2008 Jul;45(3 Suppl 2):S11-6. Review. PubMed PMID: 18760704.

261: Hideshima T, Raje N, Richardson PG, Anderson KC. A review of lenalidomide in combination with dexamethasone for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2008 Feb;4(1):129-36. PubMed PMID: 18728702; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2503648.

262: Lonial S, Richardson PG, San Miguel J, Sonneveld P, Schuster MW, Bladé J, Cavenagh J, Rajkumar SV, Jakubowiak AJ, Esseltine DL, Anderson KC, Harousseau JL. Characterisation of haematological profiles and low risk of thromboembolic events with bortezomib in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma. Br J Haematol. 2008 Oct;143(2):222-9. Epub 2008 Aug 18. PubMed PMID: 18713253.

263: Liu Q, Farley KL, Johnson AJ, Muthusamy N, Hofmeister CC, Blum KA, Schaaf LJ, Grever MR, Byrd JC, Dalton JT, Phelps MA. Development and validation of a highly sensitive liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method for simultaneous quantification of lenalidomide and flavopiridol in human plasma. Ther Drug Monit. 2008 Oct;30(5):620-7. PubMed PMID: 18708993.

264: Adachi Y, Yoshio-Hoshino N, Nishimoto N. Gene therapy for multiple myeloma. Curr Gene Ther. 2008 Aug;8(4):247-55. Review. PubMed PMID: 18691020.

265: Berenson JR, Yellin O. New drugs in multiple myeloma. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care. 2008 Sep;2(3):204-10. Review. PubMed PMID: 18685422.

266: Burington B, Barlogie B, Zhan F, Crowley J, Shaughnessy JD Jr. Tumor cell gene expression changes following short-term in vivo exposure to single agent chemotherapeutics are related to survival in multiple myeloma. Clin Cancer Res. 2008 Aug 1;14(15):4821-9. PubMed PMID: 18676754.

267: Srinivasan S, Schiffer CA. Concurrent B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and multiple myeloma treated successfully with lenalidomide. Leuk Res. 2009 Apr;33(4):561-4. Epub 2008 Aug 3. PubMed PMID: 18676017.

268: Klein U, Kosely F, Hillengass J, Hundemer M, Schmitt S, Neben K, Moehler T, Hegenbart U, Ho AD, Goldschmidt H. Effective prophylaxis of thromboembolic complications with low molecular weight heparin in relapsed multiple myeloma patients treated with lenalidomide and dexamethasone. Ann Hematol. 2009 Jan;88(1):67-71. Epub 2008 Jul 31. PubMed PMID: 18668241.

269: Kluin-Nelemans HC, Ferenc V, van Doormaal JJ, van Iperen C, Peters WG, Akin C, Valent P. Lenalidomide therapy in systemic mastocytosis. Leuk Res. 2009 Mar;33(3):e19-22. Epub 2008 Jul 21. PubMed PMID: 18644623.

270: Caers J, Vande broek I, De Raeve H, Michaux L, Trullemans F, Schots R, Van Camp B, Vanderkerken K. Multiple myeloma--an update on diagnosis and treatment. Eur J Haematol. 2008 Nov;81(5):329-43. Epub 2008 Sep 13. Review. PubMed PMID: 18637123.

271: Holtan SG, Santana-Davila R, Dewald GW, Khetterling RP, Knudson RA, Hoyer JD, Chen D, Hanson CA, Porrata L, Tefferi A, Steensma DP. Myelodysplastic syndromes associated with interstitial deletion of chromosome 5q: clinicopathologic correlations and new insights from the pre-lenalidomide era. Am J Hematol. 2008 Sep;83(9):708-13. PubMed PMID: 18634051.

272: Harousseau JL. New treatments in multiple myeloma: beyond optimal treatment. Ann Oncol. 2008 Jul;19 Suppl 5:v68-70. PubMed PMID: 18611904.

273: Wu L, Adams M, Carter T, Chen R, Muller G, Stirling D, Schafer P, Bartlett JB. lenalidomide enhances natural killer cell and monocyte-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of rituximab-treated CD20+ tumor cells. Clin Cancer Res. 2008 Jul 15;14(14):4650-7. PubMed PMID: 18628480.

274: van der Spek E, Bloem AC, Lokhorst HM, van Kessel B, Bogers-Boer L, van de Donk NW. Inhibition of the mevalonate pathway potentiates the effects of lenalidomide in myeloma. Leuk Res. 2009 Jan;33(1):100-8. Epub 2008 Jul 14. PubMed PMID: 18621417.

275: Lübbert M, Müller-Tidow C, Hofmann WK, Koeffler HP. Advances in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia: from chromosomal aberrations to biologically targeted therapy. J Cell Biochem. 2008 Aug 15;104(6):2059-70. Review. PubMed PMID: 18613031.

276: Siddiqui M, Gertz M. The role of high-dose chemotherapy followed by peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Leuk Lymphoma. 2008 Aug;49(8):1436-51. Review. PubMed PMID: 18608872.

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379: Kumar SK, Rajkumar SV, Dispenzieri A, Lacy MQ, Hayman SR, Buadi FK, Zeldenrust SR, Dingli D, Russell SJ, Lust JA, Greipp PR, Kyle RA, Gertz MA. Improved survival in multiple myeloma and the impact of novel therapies. Blood. 2008 Mar 1;111(5):2516-20. Epub 2007 Nov 1. PubMed PMID: 17975015; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2254544.

380: Bagchi S. Lenalidomide in multiple myeloma. Lancet Oncol. 2007 Oct;8(10):872. PubMed PMID: 17974052.

381: Merchionne F, Perosa F, Dammacco F. New therapies in multiple myeloma. Clin Exp Med. 2007 Sep;7(3):83-97. Epub 2007 Oct 3. Review. PubMed PMID: 17972050; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2779346.

382: Moutouh-de Parseval LA, Weiss L, DeLap RJ, Knight RD, Zeldis JB. Tumor lysis syndrome/tumor flare reaction in lenalidomide-treated chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2007 Nov 1;25(31):5047. PubMed PMID: 17971612.

383: Lyman GH, Khorana AA, Falanga A, Clarke-Pearson D, Flowers C, Jahanzeb M, Kakkar A, Kuderer NM, Levine MN, Liebman H, Mendelson D, Raskob G, Somerfield MR, Thodiyil P, Trent D, Francis CW; American Society of Clinical Oncology. American Society of Clinical Oncology guideline: recommendations for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis and treatment in patients with cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2007 Dec 1;25(34):5490-505. Epub 2007 Oct 29. Review. PubMed PMID: 17968019.

384: Björkstrand B, Gahrton G. High-dose treatment with autologous stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma: past, present, and future. Semin Hematol. 2007 Oct;44(4):227-33. Review. PubMed PMID: 17961721.

385: Peest D, Ganser A. [Therapy of multiple myeloma: indications and options]. Internist (Berl). 2007 Dec;48(12):1343-8. Review. German. PubMed PMID: 17960351.

386: van Heeckeren WJ, Sanborn SL, Narayan A, Cooney MM, McCrae KR, Schmaier AH, Remick SC. Complications from vascular disrupting agents and angiogenesis inhibitors: aberrant control of hemostasis and thrombosis. Curr Opin Hematol. 2007 Sep;14(5):468-80. Review. PubMed PMID: 17934353.

387: Lee AI, Munshi NC. Integration of novel agents into treatment of myeloma. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma. 2007 Aug;7 Suppl 5:S215-21. Review. PubMed PMID: 17877847.

388: Jagannath S. Current standards for first-line therapy of multiple myeloma. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma. 2007 Aug;7 Suppl 5:S207-14. Review. PubMed PMID: 17877846.

389: Lacy MQ, Gertz MA, Dispenzieri A, Hayman SR, Geyer S, Kabat B, Zeldenrust SR, Kumar S, Greipp PR, Fonseca R, Lust JA, Russell SJ, Kyle RA, Witzig TE, Bergsagel PL, Stewart AK, Rajkumar SV. Long-term results of response to therapy, time to progression, and survival with lenalidomide plus dexamethasone in newly diagnosed myeloma. Mayo Clin Proc. 2007 Oct;82(10):1179-84. PubMed PMID: 17908524.

390: Sirohi B, Powles R, Harousseau JL, Anderson KC. The evolving background for high-dose treatment for myeloma. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2007 Dec;40(12):1097-100. Epub 2007 Oct 1. Review. PubMed PMID: 17906702.

391: Ortega J, List A. Immunomodulatory drugs in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes. Curr Opin Oncol. 2007 Nov;19(6):656-9. Review. PubMed PMID: 17906467.

392: Brenner H, Gondos A, Pulte D. Recent major improvement in long-term survival of younger patients with multiple myeloma. Blood. 2008 Mar 1;111(5):2521-6. Epub 2007 Sep 27. PubMed PMID: 17901246.

393: Hayden PJ, Mitsiades CS, Anderson KC, Richardson PG. Novel therapies in myeloma. Curr Opin Hematol. 2007 Nov;14(6):609-15. Review. PubMed PMID: 17898564.

394: Warlick ED, Smith BD. Myelodysplastic syndromes: review of pathophysiology and current novel treatment approaches. Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 2007 Sep;7(6):541-58. Review. PubMed PMID: 17896920.

395: Quach H, Prince HM, Mileshkin L. Treatment strategies in elderly patients with multiple myeloma: current status. Drugs Aging. 2007;24(10):829-50. Review. PubMed PMID: 17896832.

396: El Rassi FA, Tam CS, Carwile J, Verstovsek S. Thrombosis of the corpora cavernosa complicating lenalidomide therapy of myelofibrosis. Leuk Res. 2008 May;32(5):821-2. Epub 2007 Sep 17. PubMed PMID: 17870158.

397: Katzel JA, Hari P, Vesole DH. Multiple myeloma: charging toward a bright future. CA Cancer J Clin. 2007 Sep-Oct;57(5):301-18. Review. PubMed PMID: 17855486.

398: Liew MS, Bishton MJ, Januszewicz H, Alatakis S, Prince HM. Spinal epidural lipomatosis in myeloma. Leuk Lymphoma. 2007 Oct;48(10):2068-70. PubMed PMID: 17852706.

399: Oestreicher P. Lenalidomide, a thalidomide derivative, shows promise in various applications. ONS Connect. 2007 Aug;22(8):22-3. PubMed PMID: 17824579.

400: McGee L. Multiple myeloma patient care: treatment options and nursing considerations. ONS Connect. 2007;22(8 Suppl):67-8. PubMed PMID: 17824572.

401: Amen K. Managing patients with multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma: where are we now? ONS Connect. 2007;22(8 Suppl):63-4. PubMed PMID: 17824570.

402: Snively A. Advances in the treatment of MDS, multiple myeloma, and CLL. ONS Connect. 2007;22(8 Suppl):55-6. PubMed PMID: 17824566.

403: Davies MJ. Management of novel therapeutics' side effects: a nurse-centric model. ONS Connect. 2007;22(8 Suppl):25-6. Review. PubMed PMID: 17824551.

404: Rubegni P, Sbano P, De Aloe G, Flori ML, Fimiani M. Thalidomide in the treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma. Dermatology. 2007;215(3):240-4. PubMed PMID: 17823523.

405: Laffitte E. Thalidomide in Kaposi sarcoma: promising or disappointing? Dermatology. 2007;215(3):171-2. PubMed PMID: 17823510.

406: Palumbo A, Falco P, Corradini P, Falcone A, Di Raimondo F, Giuliani N, Crippa C, Ciccone G, Omedè P, Ambrosini MT, Gay F, Bringhen S, Musto P, Foà R, Knight R, Zeldis JB, Boccadoro M, Petrucci MT; GIMEMA--Italian Multiple Myeloma Network. Melphalan, prednisone, and lenalidomide treatment for newly diagnosed myeloma: a report from the GIMEMA--Italian Multiple Myeloma Network. J Clin Oncol. 2007 Oct 1;25(28):4459-65. Epub 2007 Sep 4. PubMed PMID: 17785703.

407: Raab MS, Breitkreutz I, Anderson KC. Targeted treatments to improve stem cell outcome: old and new drugs. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2007 Dec;40(12):1129-37. Epub 2007 Sep 3. Review. PubMed PMID: 17768392.

408: Reece DE. Management of multiple myeloma: the changing landscape. Blood Rev. 2007 Nov;21(6):301-14. Epub 2007 Aug 29. Review. PubMed PMID: 17761373.

409: Rao KV. Lenalidomide in the treatment of multiple myeloma. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2007 Sep 1;64(17):1799-807. Review. PubMed PMID: 17724360.

410: Tariman JD. Lenalidomide: a new agent for patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Clin J Oncol Nurs. 2007 Aug;11(4):569-74. Review. PubMed PMID: 17723971.

411: Shah SR, Tran TM. Lenalidomide in myelodysplastic syndrome and multiple myeloma. Drugs. 2007;67(13):1869-81. Review. PubMed PMID: 17722955.

412: Ghobrial J, Ghobrial IM, Mitsiades C, Leleu X, Hatjiharissi E, Moreau AS, Roccaro A, Schlossman R, Hideshima T, Anderson KC, Richardson P. Novel therapeutic avenues in myeloma: changing the treatment paradigm. Oncology (Williston Park). 2007 Jun;21(7):785-92; discussion 798-800. Review. PubMed PMID: 17722741.

413: Zhou Y, Zhang L, Romaguera J, Delasalle K, Han X, Du X, Kwak L, Yi Q, Wang M. Immunotherapy in mantle cell lymphoma: anti-CD20-based therapy and beyond. Am J Hematol. 2008 Feb;83(2):144-9. Review. PubMed PMID: 17722077.

414: Bensinger W. Initial Therapy of Multiple Myeloma in Patients who are Candidates for Stem Cell Transplantation. Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2007 Apr;8(2):135-43. Review. PubMed PMID: 17721746.

415: Singhal S, Mehta J. Lenalidomide in myeloma. Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2007 Apr;8(2):154-63. Review. PubMed PMID: 17713723.

416: Singhal S, Mehta J. Multiple myeloma. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006 Nov;1(6):1322-30. Epub 2006 Oct 11. PubMed PMID: 17699365.

417: Stein EM, Rivera C. Transient thyroiditis after treatment with lenalidomide in a patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Thyroid. 2007 Jul;17(7):681-3. PubMed PMID: 17696840.

418: Niesvizky R, Naib T, Christos PJ, Jayabalan D, Furst JR, Jalbrzikowski J, Zafar F, Mark T, Lent R, Pearse RN, Ely S, Leonard JP, Mazumdar M, Chen-Kiang S, Coleman M. Lenalidomide-induced myelosuppression is associated with renal dysfunction: adverse events evaluation of treatment-naïve patients undergoing front-line lenalidomide and dexamethasone therapy. Br J Haematol. 2007 Sep;138(5):640-3. PubMed PMID: 17686058.

419: Fassas AB, Tricot G. Tandem transplants in the treatment of multiple myeloma. Pro. Clin Adv Hematol Oncol. 2004 May;2(5):303-4. Review. PubMed PMID: 17682284.

420: Mehta J, Singhal S. High-dose chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in myeloma patients under the age of 65 years. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2007 Dec;40(12):1101-14. Epub 2007 Aug 6. Review. PubMed PMID: 17680020.

421: Schiffer CA. Advances in MDS. Clin Adv Hematol Oncol. 2007 Jun;5(6):450-2. PubMed PMID: 17679919.

422: Badros A, Goloubeva O, Dalal JS, Can I, Thompson J, Rapoport AP, Heyman M, Akpek G, Fenton RG. Neurotoxicity of bortezomib therapy in multiple myeloma: a single-center experience and review of the literature. Cancer. 2007 Sep 1;110(5):1042-9. Review. PubMed PMID: 17654660.

423: Mangiameli DP, Blansfield JA, Kachala S, Lorang D, Schafer PH, Muller GW, Stirling DI, Libutti SK. Combination therapy targeting the tumor microenvironment is effective in a model of human ocular melanoma. J Transl Med. 2007 Jul 18;5:38. PubMed PMID: 17640369; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1941722.

424: Hutson TE. Targeted therapy for renal cell carcinoma: a new treatment paradigm. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 2007 Jul;20(3):244-8. PubMed PMID: 17637878; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1906573.

425: Falco P, Bringhen S, Avonto I, Gay F, Morabito F, Boccadoro M, Palumbo A. Melphalan and its role in the management of patients with multiple myeloma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2007 Jul;7(7):945-57. Review. PubMed PMID: 17627453.

426: Phillips J, Kujawa J, Davis-Lorton M, Hindenburg A. Successful desensitization in a patient with lenalidomide hypersensitivity. Am J Hematol. 2007 Nov;82(11):1030. PubMed PMID: 17617781.

427: Benson DM Jr, Smith MK. Effectiveness of lenalidomide (Revlimid) for the treatment of plasma cell leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma. 2007 Jul;48(7):1423-5. PubMed PMID: 17613775.

428: Bortezomib and lenalidomide effective in myeloma. Cancer Biol Ther. 2007 Jan;6(1):5. PubMed PMID: 17612004.

429: Terpos E, Dimopoulos MA, Sezer O. The effect of novel anti-myeloma agents on bone metabolism of patients with multiple myeloma. Leukemia. 2007 Sep;21(9):1875-84. Epub 2007 Jul 5. Review. PubMed PMID: 17611556.

430: Richardson PG, Mitsiades C, Schlossman R, Munshi N, Anderson K. New drugs for myeloma. Oncologist. 2007 Jun;12(6):664-89. Review. PubMed PMID: 17602058.

431: Chanan-Khan AA, Lee K. Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin and immunomodulatory drug combinations in multiple myeloma: rationale and clinical experience. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma. 2007 Apr;7 Suppl 4:S163-9. Review. PubMed PMID: 17562255.

432: Thomas S, Alexanian R. Current treatment strategies for multiple myeloma. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma. 2007 Apr;7 Suppl 4:S139-44. Review. PubMed PMID: 17562251.

433: García-Sanz R, Mateos MV, San Miguel JF. [Multiple myeloma]. Med Clin (Barc). 2007 Jun 16;129(3):104-15. Review. Spanish. PubMed PMID: 17594862.

434: Kumar S, Dispenzieri A, Lacy MQ, Hayman SR, Buadi FK, Gastineau DA, Litzow MR, Fonseca R, Roy V, Rajkumar SV, Gertz MA. Impact of lenalidomide therapy on stem cell mobilization and engraftment post-peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in patients with newly diagnosed myeloma. Leukemia. 2007 Sep;21(9):2035-42. Epub 2007 Jun 21. PubMed PMID: 17581613.

435: Platzbecker U, Mohr B, von Bonin M, Binder M, Schetelig J, Ehninger G, Bornhäuser M. Lenalidomide as induction therapy before allogeneic stem cell transplantation in a patient with proliferative CMML-2 and del(5q) not involving the EGR1 locus. Leukemia. 2007 Nov;21(11):2384-5. Epub 2007 Jun 21. PubMed PMID: 17581611.

436: White DJ, Paul N, Macdonald DA, Meyer RM, Shepherd LE. Addition of lenalidomide to melphalan in the treatment of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group MY.11 trial. Curr Oncol. 2007 Apr;14(2):61-5. PubMed PMID: 17576467; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1891198.

437: Kröger N. Mini-Midi-Maxi? How to harness the graft-versus-myeloma effect and target molecular remission after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Leukemia. 2007 Sep;21(9):1851-8. Epub 2007 Jun 14. Review. PubMed PMID: 17568819.

438: Hulin C. [New treatment of multiple myeloma]. Rev Med Interne. 2007 Oct;28(10):682-8. Epub 2007 May 24. Review. French. PubMed PMID: 17559982.

439: Mitsiades CS, Mitsiades NS, Richardson PG, Munshi NC, Anderson KC. Multiple myeloma: a prototypic disease model for the characterization and therapeutic targeting of interactions between tumor cells and their local microenvironment. J Cell Biochem. 2007 Jul 1;101(4):950-68. Review. PubMed PMID: 17546631.

440: Tai YT, Fulciniti M, Hideshima T, Song W, Leiba M, Li XF, Rumizen M, Burger P, Morrison A, Podar K, Chauhan D, Tassone P, Richardson P, Munshi NC, Ghobrial IM, Anderson KC. Targeting MEK induces myeloma-cell cytotoxicity and inhibits osteoclastogenesis. Blood. 2007 Sep 1;110(5):1656-63. Epub 2007 May 17. PubMed PMID: 17510321; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1975848.

441: Thornburg A, Abonour R, Smith P, Knox K, Twigg HL 3rd. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis-like syndrome associated with the use of lenalidomide. Chest. 2007 May;131(5):1572-4. PubMed PMID: 17494808.

442: Estey E. Acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes in older patients. J Clin Oncol. 2007 May 10;25(14):1908-15. Review. PubMed PMID: 17488990.

443: Molica S. Immunomodulatory drugs in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a new treatment paradigm. Leuk Lymphoma. 2007 May;48(5):866-9. Review. PubMed PMID: 17487728.

444: Kurtin S. Managing myelodysplastic syndromes. Oncology (Williston Park). 2007 Feb;21(2 Suppl Nurse Ed):45-6. PubMed PMID: 17474364.

445: Miller AA, Case D, Harmon M, Savage P, Lesser G, Hurd D, Melin SA. Phase I study of lenalidomide in solid tumors. J Thorac Oncol. 2007 May;2(5):445-9. PubMed PMID: 17473661.

446: Cavo M. Current status of bortezomib in the treatment of multiple myeloma. Curr Hematol Malig Rep. 2007 May;2(2):128-37. PubMed PMID: 20425361.

447: Roussou M, Anagnostopoulos A, Kastritis E, Matsouka C, Barmparousi D, Koutsoukou V, Dimopoulos MA. Pulsed cyclophosphamide, thalidomide and dexamethasone regimen for previously treated patients with multiple myeloma: long term follow up and disease control after subsequent treatments. Leuk Lymphoma. 2007 Apr;48(4):754-8. PubMed PMID: 17454634.

448: Tariman JD. Current therapies for multiple myeloma. J Infus Nurs. 2007 Mar-Apr;30(2):113-8; quiz 121. Review. PubMed PMID: 17413496.

449: Morgan GJ, Schey SA, Wu P, Srikanth M, Phekoo KJ, Jenner M, Davies FE. Lenalidomide (Revlimid), in combination with cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone (RCD), is an effective and tolerated regimen for myeloma patients. Br J Haematol. 2007 May;137(3):268-9. PubMed PMID: 17408469.

450: Armand JP, Burnett AK, Drach J, Harousseau JL, Löwenberg B, San Miguel J. The emerging role of targeted therapy for hematologic malignancies: update on bortezomib and tipifarnib. Oncologist. 2007 Mar;12(3):281-90. Review. PubMed PMID: 17405892.

451: Shadduck RK, Latsko JM, Rossetti JM, Haq B, Abdulhaq H. Recent advances in myelodysplastic syndromes. Exp Hematol. 2007 Apr;35(4 Suppl 1):137-43. Review. PubMed PMID: 17379099.

452: Melchert M, List A. The thalidomide saga. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2007;39(7-8):1489-99. Epub 2007 Jan 30. Review. PubMed PMID: 17369076.

453: Kantarjian H, Giles F, List A, Lyons R, Sekeres MA, Pierce S, Deuson R, Leveque J. The incidence and impact of thrombocytopenia in myelodysplastic syndromes. Cancer. 2007 May 1;109(9):1705-14. Review. PubMed PMID: 17366593.

454: Fonseca R, Stewart AK. Targeted therapeutics for multiple myeloma: the arrival of a risk-stratified approach. Mol Cancer Ther. 2007 Mar;6(3):802-10. Review. PubMed PMID: 17363477.

455: Ghobrial IM, Leleu X, Hatjiharissi E, Hideshima T, Mitsiades C, Schlossman R, Anderson KC, Richardson P. Emerging drugs in multiple myeloma. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2007 Mar;12(1):155-63. Review. PubMed PMID: 17355220.

456: Kalmadi S, Baz R, Mahindra A. Lenalidomide: the emerging role of a novel targeted agent in malignancies. Drugs Today (Barc). 2007 Feb;43(2):85-95. Review. PubMed PMID: 17353946.

457: Podar K, Anderson KC. Inhibition of VEGF signaling pathways in multiple myeloma and other malignancies. Cell Cycle. 2007 Mar 1;6(5):538-42. Epub 2007 Mar 31. Review. PubMed PMID: 17351339.

458: Mihelic R, Kaufman JL, Lonial S. Maintenance therapy in multiple myeloma. Leukemia. 2007 Jun;21(6):1150-7. Epub 2007 Mar 8. Review. PubMed PMID: 17344913.

459: Zangari M, Elice F, Fink L, Tricot G. Thrombosis in multiple myeloma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2007 Mar;7(3):307-15. Review. PubMed PMID: 17338651.

460: Schiffer CA. Myelodysplasia: the good, the fair and the ugly. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol. 2007 Mar;20(1):49-55. Review. PubMed PMID: 17336254.

461: Comenzo RL. Managing systemic light-chain amyloidosis. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2007 Feb;5(2):179-87. Review. PubMed PMID: 17335687.

462: Harousseau JL, Moreau P. Role of bone marrow transplantation in the disease pathway of myeloma. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2007 Feb;5(2):163-9. Review. PubMed PMID: 17335685.

463: Richardson PG, Hideshima T, Mitsiades C, Anderson KC. The emerging role of novel therapies for the treatment of relapsed myeloma. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2007 Feb;5(2):149-62. Review. PubMed PMID: 17335684.

464: Manochakian R, Miller KC, Chanan-Khan AA. Bortezomib in combination with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma. 2007 Jan;7(4):266-71. Review. PubMed PMID: 17324333.

465: 48th annual meeting of the American Society of Hematology December 9-12, 2006, Orlando, FL. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma. 2007 Jan;7(4):257-63. PubMed PMID: 17324332.

466: Steensma DP, Tefferi A. Risk-based management of myelodysplastic syndrome. Oncology (Williston Park). 2007 Jan;21(1):43-54; discussion 57-8, 62. Review. PubMed PMID: 17313156.

467: Kastritis E, Dimopoulos MA. The evolving role of lenalidomide in the treatment of hematologic malignancies. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2007 Mar;8(4):497-509. Review. PubMed PMID: 17309344.

468: Sekeres MA. The myelodysplastic syndromes. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2007 Mar;7(3):369-77. Review. PubMed PMID: 17309328.

469: Dreicer R. Lenalidomide: immunomodulatory, antiangiogenic, and clinical activity in solid tumors. Curr Oncol Rep. 2007 Mar;9(2):120-3. Review. PubMed PMID: 17288877.

470: Zhang MM, Chan JK, Husain A, Guo HY, Teng NN. Safety and efficacy of lenalidomide (Revlimid) in recurrent ovarian and primary peritoneal carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol. 2007 Apr;105(1):194-8. Epub 2007 Jan 24. PubMed PMID: 17257661.

471: Melchert M, Kale V, List A. The role of lenalidomide in the treatment of patients with chromosome 5q deletion and other myelodysplastic syndromes. Curr Opin Hematol. 2007 Mar;14(2):123-9. Review. PubMed PMID: 17255789.

472: Colla S, Zhan F, Xiong W, Wu X, Xu H, Stephens O, Yaccoby S, Epstein J, Barlogie B, Shaughnessy JD Jr. The oxidative stress response regulates DKK1 expression through the JNK signaling cascade in multiple myeloma plasma cells. Blood. 2007 May 15;109(10):4470-7. Epub 2007 Jan 25. PubMed PMID: 17255354; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1885505.

473: Sonpavde G, Hutson TE. Recent advances in the therapy of renal cancer. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2007 Feb;7(2):233-42. Review. PubMed PMID: 17250461.

474: Kurtin S, Sokol L. Practical considerations in the use of lenalidomide therapy for myelodysplastic syndromes. Cancer Control. 2006 Dec;13 Suppl:26-31. PubMed PMID: 17242664.

475: List AF. Evolving applications of lenalidomide in the management of anemia in myelodysplastic syndromes. Cancer Control. 2006 Dec;13 Suppl:12-6. Review. PubMed PMID: 17242662.

476: List AF, Baker AF, Green S, Bellamy W. Lenalidomide: targeted anemia therapy for myelodysplastic syndromes. Cancer Control. 2006 Dec;13 Suppl:4-11. Review. PubMed PMID: 17242661.

477: Hutson TE, Sonpavde G, Galsky MD. Targeting growth factor and antiangiogenic pathways in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma: rationale and ongoing trials. Clin Genitourin Cancer. 2006 Dec;5 Suppl 1:S31-9. Review. PubMed PMID: 17239282.

478: Verhelle D, Corral LG, Wong K, Mueller JH, Moutouh-de Parseval L, Jensen-Pergakes K, Schafer PH, Chen R, Glezer E, Ferguson GD, Lopez-Girona A, Muller GW, Brady HA, Chan KW. Lenalidomide and CC-4047 inhibit the proliferation of malignant B cells while expanding normal CD34+ progenitor cells. Cancer Res. 2007 Jan 15;67(2):746-55. PubMed PMID: 17234786.

479: Lancet JE, List AF, Moscinski LC. Treatment of deletion 5q acute myeloid leukemia with lenalidomide. Leukemia. 2007 Mar;21(3):586-8. Epub 2007 Jan 18. PubMed PMID: 17230228.

480: Comenzo RL. Systemic immunoglobulin light-chain amyloidosis. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma. 2006 Nov;7(3):182-5. Review. PubMed PMID: 17229332.

481: Hirsh J. Risk of thrombosis with lenalidomide and its prevention with aspirin. Chest. 2007 Jan;131(1):275-7. Review. PubMed PMID: 17218586.

482: De Raeve H, Vanderkerken K. Immunomodulatory drugs as a therapy for multiple myeloma. Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2006 Dec;7(6):415-21. Review. PubMed PMID: 17168657.

483: Ribatti D, Vacca A. Novel agents for multiple myeloma treatment. Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2006 Dec;7(6):395. PubMed PMID: 17168654.

484: Atallah E, Kantarjian H, Garcia-Manero G. The role of decitabine in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2007 Jan;8(1):65-73. Review. PubMed PMID: 17163808.

485: Olney HJ, Le Beau MM. Evaluation of recurring cytogenetic abnormalities in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes. Leuk Res. 2007 Apr;31(4):427-34. Epub 2006 Dec 11. Review. PubMed PMID: 17161457.

486: Darabi K, Kantamnei S, Wiernik PH. Lenalidomide-induced warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia. J Clin Oncol. 2006 Dec 10;24(35):e59. PubMed PMID: 17158529.

487: Bennett CL, Angelotta C, Yarnold PR, Evens AM, Zonder JA, Raisch DW, Richardson P. Thalidomide- and lenalidomide-associated thromboembolism among patients with cancer. JAMA. 2006 Dec 6;296(21):2558-60. Review. PubMed PMID: 17148721.

488: Kay NE, Rai KR, O'Brien S. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia: current and emerging treatment approaches. Clin Adv Hematol Oncol. 2006 Nov;4(11 Suppl 22):1-10; quiz 11-2. Review. PubMed PMID: 17143256.

489: Sekeres M, Cosgrove D, Falco A. Managing patients with low-risk MDS. Clin Adv Hematol Oncol. 2006 Jul;4(7 Suppl 16):1-10; quiz 11-2. Review. PubMed PMID: 17139240.

490: Zonder JA. Thrombotic complications of myeloma therapy. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2006:348-55. Review. PubMed PMID: 17124082.

491: Orlowski RZ. Initial therapy of multiple myeloma patients who are not candidates for stem cell transplantation. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2006:338-47. Review. PubMed PMID: 17124081.

492: Schiffer CA. Clinical issues in the management of patients with myelodysplasia. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2006:205-10. Review. PubMed PMID: 17124062.

493: Bringhen S, Avonto I, Magarotto V, Boccadoro M, Palumbo A. Investigational treatments for multiple myeloma. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2006 Dec;15(12):1565-82. Review. PubMed PMID: 17107282.

494: Kalmadi S, Davis M, Dowlati A, O'Keefe S, Cline-Burkhardt M, Pelley RJ, Borden E, Dreicer R, Bukowski R, Mekhail T. Phase I trial of three-weekly docetaxel, carboplatin and oral lenalidomide (Revlimid) in patients with advanced solid tumors. Invest New Drugs. 2007 Jun;25(3):211-6. Epub 2006 Nov 11. PubMed PMID: 17103043.

495: Goy A. New directions in the treatment of mantle cell lymphoma: an overview. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma. 2006 Oct;7 Suppl 1:S24-32. Review. PubMed PMID: 17101070.

496: Zangari M. Anticoagulation regimens for thalidomide and lenalidomide. Clin Adv Hematol Oncol. 2006 Sep;4(9):658-9. PubMed PMID: 17099621.

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