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MedKoo product information:
Cyclophosphamide
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MedKoo Code#: 100190
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Name:
Cyclophosphamide
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CAS#: 50-18-0
Synonym:
Ciclofosfamida || Ciclofosfamide || Claphene || CP monohydrate
|| CPM || Cyclophospham || Cyclophosphamid monohydrate ||
Cyclophosphamidum || Cyclophosphan || Cyclophosphanum ||
Cytophosphane || Mitoxan || Syklofosfamid || Zytoxan || US brand
names: Clafen || Cytoxan || Neosar || Foreign brand names:
Carloxan || Cicloxal || Cycloblastin || Cycloblastine ||
CYCLO-cell || Cyclostin || Cyclostine || Cytophosphan || Endoxan
|| Endoxana || Enduxan || Fosfaseron || Genoxal || Ledoxina ||
Procytox || Sendoxan || Abbreviation: CTX Code names: Asta B 518
|| B-518 || WR-138719 || Chemical structure names: ||
1-bis(2-chloroethyl)-amino-1-oxo-2-aza-5-oxaphosphoridin
monohydrate || 2-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]tetrahydro-2H-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorine
2-oxide monohydrate || 2-[bis(b-chloroethyl)amino]-1-oxa-3-aza-2-phosphacyclohexane-2-oxide
monohydrate || 2-[di(chloroethyl)amino]-1-oxa-3-aza-2-phosphacyclohexane
2-oxide monohydrate || 2H-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorin-2-amine,
N,N-is(2-chloroethyl)tetrahydro-,2-oxide || bis(2-chloroethyl)phosphamide
cyclic propanolamide ester monohydrate || bis(2-chloroethyl)phosphoramide
cyclic propanolamide ester monohydrate || N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)-N'-(3-hydroxypropyl)phosphorodiamidic
acid intramolecular ester monohydrate || N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)-N',O-propylenephosphoric
acid ester diamide monohydrate || N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)tetrahydro-2H-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorin-2-amine
2-Oxide || N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)tetrahydro-2H-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorin-2-amine
2-oxide monohydrate || N,N-bis(b-chloroethyl)-N',O-trimethylenephosphoric
acid ester diamide monohydrate || N,N-bis(beta-chloroethyl)-N',O-propylenephosphoric
acid ester diamide monohydrate || N,N-bis(beta-chloroethyl)-N',O-trimethylenephosphoric
acid ester diamide monohydrate ||
IUPAC/Chemical name:
2-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]tetrahydro-2H-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorine
2-oxide monohydrate
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Chemical structure:
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Theoretical analysis
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Cyclophosphamide
Chemical Formula: C7H15Cl2N2O2P
Exact Mass: 260.02482
Molecular Weight: 261.09
m/z: 260.02482 (100.0%), 262.02187 (63.9%), 264.01892 (10.2%),
261.02817 (7.6%), 263.02522 (4.8%)
Elemental Analysis: C, 32.20; H, 5.79; Cl, 27.16; N, 10.73; O,
12.26; P, 11.86
Cyclophosphamide monohydrate
Chemical Formula: C7H17Cl2N2O3P
Molecular Weight: 279.10124
Elemental Analysis: C, 30.12; H, 6.14; Cl,
25.41; N, 10.04; O, 17.20; P, 11.10
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Information about this agent
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cyclophosphamide is a synthetic
alkylating agent chemically related to the nitrogen mustards with
antineoplastic and immunosuppressive activities. In the liver,
cyclophosphamide is converted to the active metabolites
aldophosphamide and phosphoramide mustard, which bind to DNA,
thereby inhibiting DNA replication and initiating cell death. Check
for
active clinical trials or
closed clinical trials using this agent. (NCI
Thesaurus).
History
Cyclophosphamide and the related nitrogen mustard-derived alkylating
agent ifosfamide were developed by Norbert Brock and ASTA (now
Baxter Oncology). Brock and his team synthesised and screened more
than 1,000 candidate oxazaphosphorine compounds. They converted the
base nitrogen mustard into a non-toxic "transport form". This
transport form was a pro-drug, subsequently actively transported
into the cancer cells. Once in the cells, the pro-drug was
enzymatically converted into the active, toxic form. The first
clinical trials were published at the end of the 1950s. from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclophosphamide.
DRUG DESCRIPTION
CYTOXAN® (cyclophosphamide for injection, USP) is a
sterile white powder containing cyclophosphamide monohydrate. CYTOXAN
Tablets (cyclophosphamide tablets, USP) are for oral use and contain 25
mg or 50 mg cyclophosphamide (anhydrous). Inactive ingredients in
CYTOXAN Tablets are: acacia, FD&C Blue No. 1, D&C Yellow No. 10 Aluminum
Lake, lactose, magnesium stearate, starch, stearic acid, and talc.
Cyclophosphamide is a synthetic antineoplastic drug chemically related
to the nitrogen mustards. Cyclophosphamide is a white crystalline powder
with the molecular formula C7H15Cl2N2O2P•H2O and a molecular weight of
279.1. The chemical name for cyclophosphamide is 2-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]tetrahydro-2H-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorine
2-oxide monohydrate.
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
Cyclophosphamide is biotransformed principally in the
liver to active alkylating metabolites by a mixed function microsomal
oxidase system. These metabolites interfere with the growth of
susceptible rapidly proliferating malignant cells. The mechanism of
action is thought to involve cross-linking of tumor cell DNA.
Cyclophosphamide is well absorbed after oral administration with a
bioavailability greater than 75%. The unchanged drug has an elimination
half-life of 3 to 12 hours. It is eliminated primarily in the form of
metabolites, but from 5 to 25% of the dose is excreted in urine as
unchanged drug. Several cytotoxic and noncytotoxic metabolites have been
identified in urine and in plasma. Concentrations of metabolites reach a
maximum in plasma 2 to 3 hours after an intravenous dose. Plasma protein
binding of unchanged drug is low but some metabolites are bound to an
extent greater than 60%. It has not been demonstrated that any single
metabolite is responsible for either the therapeutic or toxic effects of
cyclophosphamide. Although elevated levels of metabolites of
cyclophosphamide have been observed in patients with renal failure,
increased clinical toxicity in such patients has not been demonstrated.
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